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<h1>cdb 3.1</h1>
<p>This hierarchy holds the implementation of cdb version 3.1, the debugger described in
D. R. Hanson,
‘A Machine-Independent Debugger—Revisited’,
<cite>Software—Practice and Experience</cite> <strong>29</strong> (10), 849-862, Aug. 1999;
this paper is available at
<a href="http://storage.webhop.net/documents/cdb3.pdf">http://storage.webhop.net/documents/cdb3.pdf</a>.</p>
<p>The initial version of cdb is described in
D. R. Hanson and M. Raghavachari,
‘A Machine-Independent Debugger’,
<cite>Software—Practice and Experience</cite> <strong>26</strong> (11), 1277-1299, 11/96,
which is available at
<a href="http://storage.webhop.net/documents/cdb.pdf">http://storage.webhop.net/documents/cdb.pdf</a>.</p>
<p>For more information about cdb, visit <a
href="http://www.cs.princeton.edu/software/lcc/cdb/">http://www.cs.princeton.edu/software/lcc/cdb/</a>.</p>
<h2>Contents</h2>
<dl>
<dt><a href="readme.html"><code>readme.html</code></a></dt>
<dd>this file.</dd>
<dt><a href="makefile"><code>makefile</code></a></dt>
<dd><code>make</code> instructions for building cdb.</dd>
<dt><code>lookup.[ch] wf.c</code></dt>
<dd>sample program described in ‘A Machine-Independent Debugger’.</dd>
<dt><code><a href="src">src</a>/*.[ch]</code></dt>
<dd>source code for cdb, the nub, the RPC code, the prelinker script, and the symbol-table
emitter additions to lcc.</dd>
<dt><code><a href="etc">etc</a>/*.c</code></dt>
<dd>lcc driver back ends modified to support the -Wo-g4 option.</dd>
<dt><code>startup/{*.o,*.obj}</code></dt>
<dd>platform-specific startup code modified to start the nub. Only startup/solaris.o,
startup/linux.o, and startup/win32.obj have been tested.</dd>
</dl>
<h2>Differences</h2>
<p>‘A Machine-Independent Debugger’ describes the initial version of cdb. <a
href="http://www.cs.princeton.edu/software/lcc/cdb/2.x.html">http://www.cs.princeton.edu/software/lcc/cdb/2.x.html</a>
describes the differences between the initial version and version 2.2. The list below
summarizes the differences between version 3.1 and cdb 2.2. For all the details, see
‘A Machine-Independent Debugger—Revisited’.</p>
<p>This version works only with lcc 4.1, and it requires the ASDL generator, asdlGen (<a
href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/asdl/">http://sourceforge.net/projects/asdl/</a>),
and the C Interfaces and Implementations (CII) library (<a
href="http://www.cs.princeton.edu/software/cii/">http://www.cs.princeton.edu/software/cii/</a>).</p>
<p>In the two-process version, cdb is the server and the target (the program being
debugged) is the client. <a href="src/server.c"><code>src/server.c</code></a> is the
server side of the RPC channel and <a href="src/client.c"><code>src/client.c</code></a> is
the client side. (These roles are reversed in Table 1 and Figure 6 in the initial cdb
paper.) cdb can run on a different machine than the target, but the machines must have the
same type metrics and endianness.</p>
<p>All strings, types, and symbol-table entries are stored in an ASDL ‘pickle’,
which is named <em>X</em><code>.pickle</code>, where <em>X</em> is the unique module
identifier. <a href="src/sym.asdl"><code>src/sym.asdl</code></a> defines the relevant data
structures. cdb reads pickles when a client attaches.</p>
<p>Modules hold only an unique module identifier and a pointer to an array of addresses of
globals and statics, which is stored in read-only memory.</p>
<p><code>_Nub_bp</code> takes only one argument, the index of the stopping point i, and
switches to cdb if <code>_Nub_bpflags[i]</code> is nonzero. cdb determines if a breakpoint
<code>i</code> is set in the module that caused the switch; if no breakpoint is set,
control is returned to the client.</p>
<h2>Installation</h2>
<p>This version of cdb has been installed and (lightly) tested on RedHat Linux 2.1,
Solaris 2.5.1, and Windows NT 4.0. Installation involves building cdb, the nub library (<code>libnub.a</code>),
and rebuilding rcc (lcc's compiler proper) and lcc (lcc's compilation driver).</p>
<p>The following steps describe the installation under Solaris and Linux. Similar steps
apply to Windows NT 4.0. Under NT, you'll need a UNIX-style shell and Visual C++ 5.0 or
6.0.
<ol>
<li>Install lcc 4.1 (<a href="http://www.cs.princeton.edu/software/lcc/">http://www.cs.princeton.edu/software/lcc/</a>),
asdlGen 1.2 (<a href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/asdl/">http://sourceforge.net/projects/asdl/</a>),
and the CII library (<a href="http://www.cs.princeton.edu/software/cii/">http://www.cs.princeton.edu/software/cii/</a>).</li>
<li>Create a file, <code>custom.mk</code>, that redefines the definitions at the top of the
makefile to suit your local configuration. Make sure <code>BUILDDIR</code> points to the
lcc 4.1 build directory (or a copy of it) and <code>ASDL_HOME</code> points to the root of
the asdlGen installation.</li>
<li>Edit <a href="etc/solaris.c"><code>etc/solaris.c</code></a>
or <a href="etc/linux.c"><code>etc/linux.c</code></a>
(or a copy) to suit your local configuration, and set <code>HOSTNAME</code> to the name of
the appropriate file in <code>custom.mk</code>. These files are variants of the driver
back ends included in the lcc 4.1 distribution. They support the -Wo-g4 option, which
causes lcc to emit cdb-style symbol tables as ASDL pickles.</li>
<li>Linux doesn't have <code>-lsocket</code> (the socket library), so, if you're running on
Linux, redefine <code>LIBS</code> in <code>custom.mk</code>; e.g., I use <blockquote>
<pre>LIBS=-lasdl -lcii -lnsl</pre>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>Run make: <blockquote>
<pre>1% make CUSTOM=custom.mk</pre>
</blockquote>
<p>You can omit the assignment if your local configuration is in <code>custom.mk</code>. I
use different names for different platforms, e.g., </p>
<blockquote>
<pre>1% make CUSTOM=linux.mk</pre>
</blockquote>
<p>Depending on the values of file timestamps, you might have to touch <a
href="etc/solaris.c"><code>etc/solaris.c</code></a>,
<a href="etc/linux.c"><code>etc/linux.c</code></a>,
or <a href="src/inits.c"><code>src/inits.c</code></a>,
or remove the corresponding object
files, to force rebuilding of lcc or rcc. <strong>IMPORTANT</strong>: Use the same C
compiler you used to build lcc.</p>
</li>
<li>Copy the startup code to the build directory, e.g.,<blockquote>
<pre>1% cp startup/solaris.o ${BUILDDIR}/startup.o</pre>
</blockquote>
<p>Notice that the name of the installed startup code is always <code>startup.o</code>.</p>
</li>
<li>Test the single-process version of cdb by building the sample program:<blockquote>
<pre>1% make CUSTOM=custom.mk stubtest</pre>
</blockquote>
<p>Then run a.out:</p>
<blockquote>
<pre>1% a.out
fetching module [1571580302] inhaling lookup.c[1571580302]
fetching module [1571580299] inhaling wf.c[1571580299]
cdb></pre>
</blockquote>
<p>The documentation in ‘A Machine-Independent Debugger’ applies; the
‘h’ command summarizes the commands.</p>
</li>
<li>Test the two-process version of cdb. Build the sample program with<blockquote>
<pre>1% make CUSTOM=custom.mk test</pre>
</blockquote>
<p>Then run cdb:</p>
<blockquote>
<pre>1% ${BUILDDIR}/cdb
/u/drh/pkg/4.1/sparc-solaris/cdb listening on 0.0.0.0:9001</pre>
</blockquote>
<p>In a separate window, set the <code>DEBUGGER</code> environment variable and run a.out:</p>
<blockquote>
<pre>2% setenv DEBUGGER localhost:9001
2% a.out
client: connected on 127.0.0.1:47632 to 127.0.0.1:9001</pre>
</blockquote>
<p>In the cdb window, you should see something like:</p>
<blockquote>
<pre>/u/drh/pkg/4.1/sparc-solaris/cdb: now serving 127.0.0.1:1428
fetching module [1571576238] inhaling wf.c[1571576238]
fetching module [1571576369] inhaling lookup.c[1571576369]
cdb></pre>
</blockquote>
<p>When you exit the client, cdb waits for another connection.</p>
</li>
<li>The command <code>make CUSTOM=custom.mk clean</code>; cleans up.</li>
<li>(Optional) Add a link to cdb from <code>/usr/local/bin</code>, e.g.,<blockquote>
<pre>1% ln -s ${BUILDDIR}/cdb /usr/local/bin/cdb</pre>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ol>
<h2>Bugs and Suggestions</h2>
<p>Send me email. I can’t promise
timely responses or patches, but I intend to keep cdb in sync with lcc. </p>
<hr>
<address>
<a href="http://drh.home.dyndns.org/">David R. Hanson</a><br>
$Id$
</address>
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