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半吊子画pcb教程---第四章生成pcb和元件的摆放.html

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</style><title>半吊子画pcb教程---第四章 生成pcb和元件的摆放</title>
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<body class='typora-export os-windows'><div class='typora-export-content'>
<div id='write'  class=''><div class='md-toc' mdtype='toc'><p class="md-toc-content" role="list"><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h1" data-ref="n2"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#生成pcb和元件的摆放">生成pcb和元件的摆放</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h2" data-ref="n3"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#生成pcb">生成pcb</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h2" data-ref="n18"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#pcb的成型">PCB的成型</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h4" data-ref="n19"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#导入文档层">导入文档层</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h4" data-ref="n30"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#元件属性更改与摆放">元件属性更改与摆放</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h5" data-ref="n32"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#修改元件属性">修改元件属性</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h5" data-ref="n41"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#摆放元件">摆放元件</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h6" data-ref="n42"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#摆放轴座封装">摆放轴座封装</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h6" data-ref="n73"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#摆放主控电容电阻和二极管">摆放主控电容电阻和二极管</a></span></p></div><h1 id='生成pcb和元件的摆放'><span>生成pcb和元件的摆放</span></h1><h2 id='生成pcb'><span>生成pcb</span></h2><ol start='' ><li><p><span>在上一章中，我们绘制完成原理图并且分配好了各种元件的封装，接下来我们就可以生成pcb了。点击EDA上面的 </span><code>设计</code><span> --&gt; </span><code>原理图转pcb</code><span> 就可以将原理图转换成pcb了。</span></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第四章 生成pcb和元件的摆放.assets\image-20210820174051841.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210820174051841"></p></li><li><p><span>当我们点击转pcb后，会弹窗询问是否要检查网络，这时候我们一定要检查网络，避免设计上的缺陷。可以看到我的检查网络出现了错误，</span><code>COL14</code><span>网络没有画完整，</span><code>ESC</code><span>键的row和col不在线上。像这种错误如果我们没有进行网络检查的话就会被忽略掉了。所以我们一定要记得网络检查，尽可能的排除错误，再进行pcb的生成。比如下面的错误，因为我加了阶梯键caps的兼容，检测到</span><code>caps0</code><span>键的焊盘不匹配。分配封装的时候注意空格一排的卫星轴一定要分配REVERS封装，也就是卫星轴钢丝在上，螺丝在下的封装，与其他卫星轴相反，避免钢丝在外面碰到壳子。</span></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第四章 生成pcb和元件的摆放.assets\image-20210820174617714.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210820174617714"></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第四章 生成pcb和元件的摆放.assets\image-20210820175429461.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210820175429461"></p></li><li><p><span>当我们修正所有错误后，再次点击原理图转pcb，原理图就可以转换成pcb文件了。确认好单位是mm，就可以点应用了。</span></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第四章 生成pcb和元件的摆放.assets\image-20210820192144255.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210820192144255"></p></li><li><p><span>应用后如下图，可以看到EDA自动分配的边框和所有元件的封装。这里的边框代表pcb未来的样子，元件封装，代表未来元件在pcb上的焊盘。我们需要最终将pcb做成我们想要的样子，所以要删除掉本来的边框，导入我们绘制的dxf格式的边框文件，来画出我们需要的pcb。</span></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第四章 生成pcb和元件的摆放.assets\image-20210820192246006.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210820192246006"></p></li></ol><h2 id='pcb的成型'><span>PCB的成型</span></h2><h4 id='导入文档层'><span>导入文档层</span></h4><ol start='' ><li><p><span>要想理解文档层的作用，首先要理解pcb的层级概念，可以查看这个链接对层级的介绍：</span><a href='https://www.pianshen.com/article/4282153746/' target='_blank' class='url'>https://www.pianshen.com/article/4282153746/</a></p><p><span>看文章和网上的介绍有些复杂，为了更好的理解，既然我们用的是立创EDA，并且使用双层板子设计键盘的pcb。那简单介绍一下立创EDA的双层板层级，与其他的pcb绘制软件是同样的。</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang=""><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner CodeMirror-wrap" lang=""><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9.33333px; left: 8px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style=""><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">1. 顶层：pcb板上面的电路层</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">2. 底层：PCB板下面的电路层</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">3. 顶层丝印层：pcb上面写文字用作标注的层</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">4. 底层丝印层：pcb下面写文字用作标注的层</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">5. 顶层锡膏层：喷锡工艺和沉金工艺的焊盘层，帮助焊接使用，可以不用理解，一般用不到。</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">6. 底层锡膏层：与上同。</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">7. 顶层阻焊层：盖油层，绿色盖油的板子就是大绿板子，黑色就是黑板子，常见的还有白色、黄色、蓝色、红色、无色，还有嘉立创最近退出的紫色。开窗等词汇就是说某些部分不盖油，也与该层有关。</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">8. 底层阻焊层：同上。</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">9. 飞线层：用来指示pcb上焊盘的连线。与生产无关，但是在画pcb的时候具有重要的指示作用。</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">10. 边框层：也叫机械层，是用来限制pcb的外观的，长款多少，形状如何。都是通过这个层来完成的。</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">11. 文档层：用来辅助元件的摆放，指示元件摆放位置的。所以叫文档层。</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 272px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 272px;"></div></div></div></pre><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第四章 生成pcb和元件的摆放.assets\image-20210820192848328.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210820192848328"></p></li><li><p><span>我们在第一章中制作了两个dxf的文件，带键位的是文档层文件，用于元件的定位，不带元件的是边框层文件，用于pcb边框的确定。接下来我们将导入文档层文件用来当作标识文档，以便摆放元件，再导入边框文件，文件---&gt;导入---&gt;DXF。然后删除默认自动生成的边框线。导入后，找一个与文档层共同的点，将边框层与文档层贴在一起。</span></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第四章 生成pcb和元件的摆放.assets\image-20210820194144162.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210820194144162">
<img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第四章 生成pcb和元件的摆放.assets\image-20210821125432012-1629685249067.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="边框"><span>		</span><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第四章 生成pcb和元件的摆放.assets\image-20210823102257782.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210823102257782"></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第四章 生成pcb和元件的摆放.assets\image-20210823102642907.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210823102642907"></p></li></ol><h4 id='元件属性更改与摆放'><span>元件属性更改与摆放</span></h4><p><span>我们将凌乱的元件分类。将键位分成一类，其他元件都是红色的，代表都是顶层的元件，分成一类，以便我们来批量操作。</span></p><h5 id='修改元件属性'><span>修改元件属性</span></h5><ol start='' ><li><p><span>我们通过仔细观察发现轴座封装没有键值，只有编号，但是编号太不直观，所以我们全选按键封装，将所有按键的属性改成显示键值，如果嫌编号碍事，也可以隐藏掉。全选轴座封装，在右边的位置更改全体属性。</span></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第四章 生成pcb和元件的摆放.assets\image-20210823103837078.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210823103837078"></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第四章 生成pcb和元件的摆放.assets\image-20210823103920145.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210823103920145"></p></li><li><p><span>然后我们发现其他的所有元件都在pcb顶层，我们全部更改为pcb的底层。全选封装，右边更改属性为底层。</span></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第四章 生成pcb和元件的摆放.assets\image-20210823104158065.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210823104158065"></p></li></ol><h5 id='摆放元件'><span>摆放元件</span></h5><h6 id='摆放轴座封装'><span>摆放轴座封装</span></h6><ol start='' ><li><p><span>我们接下来摆放元件，首先选中typec口，按R键旋转，将c口摆放在我们留出的pcb突起位置。</span></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第四章 生成pcb和元件的摆放.assets\image-20210823105001754.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210823105001754"></p></li><li><p><span>然后我们从第一个键进行摆放轴座。</span><code>ctrl+F</code><span>搜索k0，也就是ESC键。找到后</span><code>ctrl+x</code><span>剪切，选中四个顶点中的任意一个作为参考点（这样会与文档层按键顶点进行吸附，比较好操作）。粘贴到我们已经画好的文档层</span><code>ESC</code><span>键内。但是我们发现焊盘出现冲突，有很多黄色的叉，我们再次选中此键封装，按R键将其旋转180度，因为热插拔轴座的焊盘面积较大，位置靠外，所以会与gh60尺寸的焊盘发生冲突，所以C口附近的两个轴需做成倒装，解决这个问题。带来的副作用是会导致在用厂高键帽的时候，</span><code>ESC</code><span>和</span><code>1！</code><span>两个按键触底有些肉，尤其在用jtk和菜菜的厂高键帽时候尤为明显。</span></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第四章 生成pcb和元件的摆放.assets\image-20210823105521176.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210823105521176"></p></li><li><p><span>然后我们用同样的方法摆放其他的按键。除了C口左右的两个键需要旋转，其他键不需要旋转。当我们放置完一排以后，全选一整排，看一下中心点是否相同，如果中心点全部相同都在同一排上，就证明所有轴的轴心圆点都会落在同一排。无需担心是否整齐。下面放置剩余的轴座封装。</span></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第四章 生成pcb和元件的摆放.assets\image-20210823112933114.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210823112933114"></p></li><li><p><span>因为我们绘制的是多配列兼容的热插拔pcb，因为轴座的焊盘面积较大，还会遇到下面这种焊盘冲突的现象。遇到这种现象只需要点击冲突的焊盘，更改焊盘的长宽高度，缩小焊盘面积即可。</span></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第四章 生成pcb和元件的摆放.assets\image-20210823132408719.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210823132408719"></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第四章 生成pcb和元件的摆放.assets\image-20210823132615577.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210823132615577"></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第四章 生成pcb和元件的摆放.assets\image-20210823132636664.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210823132636664"></p><ol start='' ><li><span>在我们摆放完毕轴座封装后，发现键值的位置杂乱，我们接下来选择按键的键值，对其进行处理一下。选中一个名成右击</span><code>查找相似对象</code><span>，直接点查找。即可全选元件名成，右边编辑区可以改字体，全选后直接拖动其中一个到合适的位置，其他的也会跟随。</span></li></ol><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第四章 生成pcb和元件的摆放.assets\image-20210823132922472.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210823132922472"></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第四章 生成pcb和元件的摆放.assets\image-20210823133025964.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210823133025964"></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第四章 生成pcb和元件的摆放.assets\image-20210823133230624.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210823133230624"></p></li><li><p><span>调整好所有键位后，我想到要加一个6u的空格给tina-a这种真hhkb配列使用，我们该怎么操作呢？首先我们来到原理图。复制一个空格出来，并且将其连线改名</span><code>space4</code><span>后分配6u封装。保存原理图，点击左上角的设计更新pcb，就可以看到我们添加的6u空格封装更新到pcb上面了。</span></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第四章 生成pcb和元件的摆放.assets\image-20210823160656885.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210823160656885"></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第四章 生成pcb和元件的摆放.assets\image-20210823162004714.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210823162004714"></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第四章 生成pcb和元件的摆放.assets\image-20210823162107387.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210823162107387"></p></li><li><p><span>加完空格后，用同样的方法还要增加空格右侧的1.5u的option键和1ucommand键。当我们摆放好所有轴座封装后将摆放好的轴座封装全选，然后右击锁定。避免在接下来的操作过程中不经意移动了按键封装导致pcb做出来轴孔不对其等错误发生。</span></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第四章 生成pcb和元件的摆放.assets\image-20210823171543913.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210823171543913"></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第四章 生成pcb和元件的摆放.assets\image-20210823171609474.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210823171609474"></p></li></ol><h6 id='摆放主控电容电阻和二极管'><span>摆放主控电容电阻和二极管</span></h6><ol start='' ><li><p><span>摆放轴座封装之后，我们来摆放主控，首先拖动主控到pcb上，找一个能放下的位置。没有孔没有焊盘的位置。这样方便我们摆放其他元件，我选择的是这里。</span></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第四章 生成pcb和元件的摆放.assets\image-20210823171034532.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210823171034532"></p></li><li><p><span>接下来我们摆放其他元件，首先我们先安排好主控周围和主控到C口的元件，按原理图和飞线层的飞线指示摆放。一般不会出错，这里要注意去耦电容和晶振要尽量靠近主控，去耦电容能分散开到主控周围，尽量分散开，不要串联，否则去耦效果会打折扣。</span></p></li><li><p><span>摆放R1、R2 阻值为5.1k的电阻用来实现CtoC功能。还记得这张图吗，不记得回顾第三章。</span></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第四章 生成pcb和元件的摆放.assets\ae51f3deb48f8c54432b5c4f2a292df5e1fe7fd2" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="img"></p></li><li><p><span>摆放完成剩余的元件，在空间允许的情况下，请发挥主观能动性，随心所欲，为所欲为的摆放就行了。摆放完成后我们再摆放二极管。</span></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第四章 生成pcb和元件的摆放.assets\image-20210823184125735.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210823184125735"></p></li><li><p><span>这里要注意，二极管是有方向性的。所以一定要看好飞线的方向。我直接图省事，把二极管和轴座的焊盘放在了一起，但是依然要布线。养成良好布线习惯。当我们摆放好所有的元件之后，pcb的雏形就出现了。可以点击上面的2d/3d按钮进行预览，我给轴座封装加了3d模型。</span></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第四章 生成pcb和元件的摆放.assets\image-20210823184456345.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210823184456345"></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第四章 生成pcb和元件的摆放.assets\image-20210823192124292.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210823192124292"></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第四章 生成pcb和元件的摆放.assets\image-20210823192201059.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210823192201059"></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第四章 生成pcb和元件的摆放.assets\image-20210823192235540.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210823192235540"></p></li><li><p><span>下面我们就可以对pcb进行布线了。</span></p></li></ol><p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p></div></div>
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