master

分支 (2)

管理

管理

master

develop

xz60
/
半吊子画pcb教程---第五章 PCB 布线.html

<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset='UTF-8'><meta name='viewport' content='width=device-width initial-scale=1'>

<link href='https://fonts.loli.net/css?family=Open+Sans:400italic,700italic,700,400&subset=latin,latin-ext' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css' /><style type='text/css'>html {overflow-x: initial !important;}:root { --bg-color:#ffffff; --text-color:#333333; --select-text-bg-color:#B5D6FC; --select-text-font-color:auto; --monospace:"Lucida Console",Consolas,"Courier",monospace; --title-bar-height:20px; }
.mac-os-11 { --title-bar-height:28px; }
html { font-size: 14px; background-color: var(--bg-color); color: var(--text-color); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; }
body { margin: 0px; padding: 0px; height: auto; bottom: 0px; top: 0px; left: 0px; right: 0px; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.42857; overflow-x: hidden; background: inherit; tab-size: 4; }
iframe { margin: auto; }
a.url { word-break: break-all; }
a:active, a:hover { outline: 0px; }
.in-text-selection, ::selection { text-shadow: none; background: var(--select-text-bg-color); color: var(--select-text-font-color); }
#write { margin: 0px auto; height: auto; width: inherit; word-break: normal; overflow-wrap: break-word; position: relative; white-space: normal; overflow-x: visible; padding-top: 36px; }
#write.first-line-indent p { text-indent: 2em; }
#write.first-line-indent li p, #write.first-line-indent p * { text-indent: 0px; }
#write.first-line-indent li { margin-left: 2em; }
.for-image #write { padding-left: 8px; padding-right: 8px; }
body.typora-export { padding-left: 30px; padding-right: 30px; }
.typora-export .footnote-line, .typora-export li, .typora-export p { white-space: pre-wrap; }
.typora-export .task-list-item input { pointer-events: none; }
@media screen and (max-width: 500px) {
  body.typora-export { padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; }
  #write { padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px; }
  .CodeMirror-sizer { margin-left: 0px !important; }
  .CodeMirror-gutters { display: none !important; }
}
#write li > figure:last-child { margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
#write ol, #write ul { position: relative; }
img { max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; image-orientation: from-image; }
button, input, select, textarea { color: inherit; font: inherit; }
input[type="checkbox"], input[type="radio"] { line-height: normal; padding: 0px; }
*, ::after, ::before { box-sizing: border-box; }
#write h1, #write h2, #write h3, #write h4, #write h5, #write h6, #write p, #write pre { width: inherit; }
#write h1, #write h2, #write h3, #write h4, #write h5, #write h6, #write p { position: relative; }
p { line-height: inherit; }
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 { break-after: avoid-page; break-inside: avoid; orphans: 4; }
p { orphans: 4; }
h1 { font-size: 2rem; }
h2 { font-size: 1.8rem; }
h3 { font-size: 1.6rem; }
h4 { font-size: 1.4rem; }
h5 { font-size: 1.2rem; }
h6 { font-size: 1rem; }
.md-math-block, .md-rawblock, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p { margin-top: 1rem; margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.hidden { display: none; }
.md-blockmeta { color: rgb(204, 204, 204); font-weight: 700; font-style: italic; }
a { cursor: pointer; }
sup.md-footnote { padding: 2px 4px; background-color: rgba(238, 238, 238, 0.7); color: rgb(85, 85, 85); border-radius: 4px; cursor: pointer; }
sup.md-footnote a, sup.md-footnote a:hover { color: inherit; text-transform: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; }
#write input[type="checkbox"] { cursor: pointer; width: inherit; height: inherit; }
figure { overflow-x: auto; margin: 1.2em 0px; max-width: calc(100% + 16px); padding: 0px; }
figure > table { margin: 0px; }
tr { break-inside: avoid; break-after: auto; }
thead { display: table-header-group; }
table { border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; width: 100%; overflow: auto; break-inside: auto; text-align: left; }
table.md-table td { min-width: 32px; }
.CodeMirror-gutters { border-right: 0px; background-color: inherit; }
.CodeMirror-linenumber { user-select: none; }
.CodeMirror { text-align: left; }
.CodeMirror-placeholder { opacity: 0.3; }
.CodeMirror pre { padding: 0px 4px; }
.CodeMirror-lines { padding: 0px; }
div.hr:focus { cursor: none; }
#write pre { white-space: pre-wrap; }
#write.fences-no-line-wrapping pre { white-space: pre; }
#write pre.ty-contain-cm { white-space: normal; }
.CodeMirror-gutters { margin-right: 4px; }
.md-fences { font-size: 0.9rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; overflow: visible; white-space: pre; background: inherit; position: relative !important; }
.md-fences-adv-panel { width: 100%; margin-top: 10px; text-align: center; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 8px; overflow-x: auto; }
#write .md-fences.mock-cm { white-space: pre-wrap; }
.md-fences.md-fences-with-lineno { padding-left: 0px; }
#write.fences-no-line-wrapping .md-fences.mock-cm { white-space: pre; overflow-x: auto; }
.md-fences.mock-cm.md-fences-with-lineno { padding-left: 8px; }
.CodeMirror-line, twitterwidget { break-inside: avoid; }
.footnotes { opacity: 0.8; font-size: 0.9rem; margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; }
.footnotes + .footnotes { margin-top: 0px; }
.md-reset { margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: top; background: 0px 0px; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; float: none; position: static; width: auto; height: auto; white-space: nowrap; cursor: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; line-height: normal; font-weight: 400; text-align: left; box-sizing: content-box; direction: ltr; }
li div { padding-top: 0px; }
blockquote { margin: 1rem 0px; }
li .mathjax-block, li p { margin: 0.5rem 0px; }
li blockquote { margin: 1rem 0px; }
li { margin: 0px; position: relative; }
blockquote > :last-child { margin-bottom: 0px; }
blockquote > :first-child, li > :first-child { margin-top: 0px; }
.footnotes-area { color: rgb(136, 136, 136); margin-top: 0.714rem; padding-bottom: 0.143rem; white-space: normal; }
#write .footnote-line { white-space: pre-wrap; }
@media print {
  body, html { border: 1px solid transparent; height: 99%; break-after: avoid; break-before: avoid; font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; }
  #write { margin-top: 0px; padding-top: 0px; border-color: transparent !important; }
  .typora-export * { -webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; }
  .typora-export #write { break-after: avoid; }
  .typora-export #write::after { height: 0px; }
  .is-mac table { break-inside: avoid; }
}
.footnote-line { margin-top: 0.714em; font-size: 0.7em; }
a img, img a { cursor: pointer; }
pre.md-meta-block { font-size: 0.8rem; min-height: 0.8rem; white-space: pre-wrap; background: rgb(204, 204, 204); display: block; overflow-x: hidden; }
p > .md-image:only-child:not(.md-img-error) img, p > img:only-child { display: block; margin: auto; }
#write.first-line-indent p > .md-image:only-child:not(.md-img-error) img { left: -2em; position: relative; }
p > .md-image:only-child { display: inline-block; width: 100%; }
#write .MathJax_Display { margin: 0.8em 0px 0px; }
.md-math-block { width: 100%; }
.md-math-block:not(:empty)::after { display: none; }
.MathJax_ref { fill: currentcolor; }
[contenteditable="true"]:active, [contenteditable="true"]:focus, [contenteditable="false"]:active, [contenteditable="false"]:focus { outline: 0px; box-shadow: none; }
.md-task-list-item { position: relative; list-style-type: none; }
.task-list-item.md-task-list-item { padding-left: 0px; }
.md-task-list-item > input { position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin-left: -1.2em; margin-top: calc(1em - 10px); border: none; }
.math { font-size: 1rem; }
.md-toc { min-height: 3.58rem; position: relative; font-size: 0.9rem; border-radius: 10px; }
.md-toc-content { position: relative; margin-left: 0px; }
.md-toc-content::after, .md-toc::after { display: none; }
.md-toc-item { display: block; color: rgb(65, 131, 196); }
.md-toc-item a { text-decoration: none; }
.md-toc-inner:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
.md-toc-inner { display: inline-block; cursor: pointer; }
.md-toc-h1 .md-toc-inner { margin-left: 0px; font-weight: 700; }
.md-toc-h2 .md-toc-inner { margin-left: 2em; }
.md-toc-h3 .md-toc-inner { margin-left: 4em; }
.md-toc-h4 .md-toc-inner { margin-left: 6em; }
.md-toc-h5 .md-toc-inner { margin-left: 8em; }
.md-toc-h6 .md-toc-inner { margin-left: 10em; }
@media screen and (max-width: 48em) {
  .md-toc-h3 .md-toc-inner { margin-left: 3.5em; }
  .md-toc-h4 .md-toc-inner { margin-left: 5em; }
  .md-toc-h5 .md-toc-inner { margin-left: 6.5em; }
  .md-toc-h6 .md-toc-inner { margin-left: 8em; }
}
a.md-toc-inner { font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; }
.footnote-line a:not(.reversefootnote) { color: inherit; }
.md-attr { display: none; }
.md-fn-count::after { content: "."; }
code, pre, samp, tt { font-family: var(--monospace); }
kbd { margin: 0px 0.1em; padding: 0.1em 0.6em; font-size: 0.8em; color: rgb(36, 39, 41); background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 1px solid rgb(173, 179, 185); border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: rgba(12, 13, 14, 0.2) 0px 1px 0px, rgb(255, 255, 255) 0px 0px 0px 2px inset; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: middle; }
.md-comment { color: rgb(162, 127, 3); opacity: 0.8; font-family: var(--monospace); }
code { text-align: left; vertical-align: initial; }
a.md-print-anchor { white-space: pre !important; border-width: initial !important; border-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; display: inline-block !important; position: absolute !important; width: 1px !important; right: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; background: 0px 0px !important; text-decoration: initial !important; text-shadow: initial !important; }
.md-inline-math .MathJax_SVG .noError { display: none !important; }
.html-for-mac .inline-math-svg .MathJax_SVG { vertical-align: 0.2px; }
.md-fences-math .MathJax_SVG_Display, .md-math-block .MathJax_SVG_Display { text-align: center; margin: 0px; position: relative; text-indent: 0px; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-height: 0px; min-width: 100%; width: auto; overflow-y: visible; display: block !important; }
.MathJax_SVG_Display, .md-inline-math .MathJax_SVG_Display { width: auto; margin: inherit; display: inline-block !important; }
.MathJax_SVG .MJX-monospace { font-family: var(--monospace); }
.MathJax_SVG .MJX-sans-serif { font-family: sans-serif; }
.MathJax_SVG { display: inline; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; }
.MathJax_SVG * { transition: none 0s ease 0s; }
.MathJax_SVG_Display svg { vertical-align: middle !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; margin-top: 0px !important; }
.os-windows.monocolor-emoji .md-emoji { font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol", sans-serif; }
.md-diagram-panel > svg { max-width: 100%; }
[lang="flow"] svg, [lang="mermaid"] svg { max-width: 100%; height: auto; }
[lang="mermaid"] .node text { font-size: 1rem; }
table tr th { border-bottom: 0px; }
video { max-width: 100%; display: block; margin: 0px auto; }
iframe { max-width: 100%; width: 100%; border: none; }
.highlight td, .highlight tr { border: 0px; }
mark { background: rgb(255, 255, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); }
.md-html-inline .md-plain, .md-html-inline strong, mark .md-inline-math, mark strong { color: inherit; }
.md-expand mark .md-meta { opacity: 0.3 !important; }
mark .md-meta { color: rgb(0, 0, 0); }
@media print {
  .typora-export h1, .typora-export h2, .typora-export h3, .typora-export h4, .typora-export h5, .typora-export h6 { break-inside: avoid; }
}
.md-diagram-panel .messageText { stroke: none !important; }
.md-diagram-panel .start-state { fill: var(--node-fill); }
.md-diagram-panel .edgeLabel rect { opacity: 1 !important; }
.md-require-zoom-fix foreignobject { font-size: var(--mermaid-font-zoom); }
.md-fences.md-fences-math { font-size: 1em; }
.md-fences-math .MathJax_SVG_Display { margin-top: 8px; cursor: default; }
.md-fences-advanced:not(.md-focus) { padding: 0px; white-space: nowrap; border: 0px; }
.md-fences-advanced:not(.md-focus) { background: inherit; }
.typora-export-show-outline .typora-export-content { max-width: 1440px; margin: auto; display: flex; flex-direction: row; }
.typora-export-sidebar { width: 300px; font-size: 0.8rem; margin-top: 80px; margin-right: 18px; }
.typora-export-show-outline #write { --webkit-flex:2; flex: 2 1 0%; }
.typora-export-sidebar .outline-content { position: fixed; top: 0px; max-height: 100%; overflow: hidden auto; padding-bottom: 30px; padding-top: 60px; width: 300px; }
@media screen and (max-width: 1024px) {
  .typora-export-sidebar, .typora-export-sidebar .outline-content { width: 240px; }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 800px) {
  .typora-export-sidebar { display: none; }
}
.outline-content li, .outline-content ul { margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; list-style: none; }
.outline-content ul { margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; }
.outline-content strong { font-weight: 400; }
.outline-expander { width: 1rem; height: 1.42857rem; position: relative; display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle; cursor: pointer; padding-left: 4px; }
.outline-expander::before { content: ""; position: relative; font-family: Ionicons; display: inline-block; font-size: 8px; vertical-align: middle; }
.outline-item { padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; cursor: pointer; }
.outline-expander:hover::before { content: ""; }
.outline-h1 > .outline-item { padding-left: 0px; }
.outline-h2 > .outline-item { padding-left: 1em; }
.outline-h3 > .outline-item { padding-left: 2em; }
.outline-h4 > .outline-item { padding-left: 3em; }
.outline-h5 > .outline-item { padding-left: 4em; }
.outline-h6 > .outline-item { padding-left: 5em; }
.outline-label { cursor: pointer; display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle; text-decoration: none; color: inherit; }
.outline-label:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
.outline-item:hover { border-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); background-color: var(--item-hover-bg-color); }
.outline-item:hover { margin-left: -28px; margin-right: -28px; border-left: 28px solid transparent; border-right: 28px solid transparent; }
.outline-item-single .outline-expander::before, .outline-item-single .outline-expander:hover::before { display: none; }
.outline-item-open > .outline-item > .outline-expander::before { content: ""; }
.outline-children { display: none; }
.info-panel-tab-wrapper { display: none; }
.outline-item-open > .outline-children { display: block; }
.typora-export .outline-item { padding-top: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; }
.typora-export .outline-item:hover { margin-right: -8px; border-right: 8px solid transparent; }
.typora-export .outline-expander::before { content: "+"; font-family: inherit; top: -1px; }
.typora-export .outline-expander:hover::before, .typora-export .outline-item-open > .outline-item > .outline-expander::before { content: "−"; }
.typora-export-collapse-outline .outline-children { display: none; }
.typora-export-collapse-outline .outline-item-open > .outline-children, .typora-export-no-collapse-outline .outline-children { display: block; }
.typora-export-no-collapse-outline .outline-expander::before { content: "" !important; }
.typora-export-show-outline .outline-item-active > .outline-item .outline-label { font-weight: 700; }


:root {
    --side-bar-bg-color: #fafafa;
    --control-text-color: #777;
}

@include-when-export url(https://fonts.loli.net/css?family=Open+Sans:400italic,700italic,700,400&subset=latin,latin-ext);

/* open-sans-regular - latin-ext_latin */
  /* open-sans-italic - latin-ext_latin */
    /* open-sans-700 - latin-ext_latin */
    /* open-sans-700italic - latin-ext_latin */
  html {
    font-size: 16px;
}

body {
    font-family: "Open Sans","Clear Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
    color: rgb(51, 51, 51);
    line-height: 1.6;
}

#write {
    max-width: 860px;
  	margin: 0 auto;
  	padding: 30px;
    padding-bottom: 100px;
}

@media only screen and (min-width: 1400px) {
	#write {
		max-width: 1024px;
	}
}

@media only screen and (min-width: 1800px) {
	#write {
		max-width: 1200px;
	}
}

#write > ul:first-child,
#write > ol:first-child{
    margin-top: 30px;
}

a {
    color: #4183C4;
}
h1,
h2,
h3,
h4,
h5,
h6 {
    position: relative;
    margin-top: 1rem;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    font-weight: bold;
    line-height: 1.4;
    cursor: text;
}
h1:hover a.anchor,
h2:hover a.anchor,
h3:hover a.anchor,
h4:hover a.anchor,
h5:hover a.anchor,
h6:hover a.anchor {
    text-decoration: none;
}
h1 tt,
h1 code {
    font-size: inherit;
}
h2 tt,
h2 code {
    font-size: inherit;
}
h3 tt,
h3 code {
    font-size: inherit;
}
h4 tt,
h4 code {
    font-size: inherit;
}
h5 tt,
h5 code {
    font-size: inherit;
}
h6 tt,
h6 code {
    font-size: inherit;
}
h1 {
    font-size: 2.25em;
    line-height: 1.2;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #eee;
}
h2 {
    font-size: 1.75em;
    line-height: 1.225;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #eee;
}

/*@media print {
    .typora-export h1,
    .typora-export h2 {
        border-bottom: none;
        padding-bottom: initial;
    }

    .typora-export h1::after,
    .typora-export h2::after {
        content: "";
        display: block;
        height: 100px;
        margin-top: -96px;
        border-top: 1px solid #eee;
    }
}*/

h3 {
    font-size: 1.5em;
    line-height: 1.43;
}
h4 {
    font-size: 1.25em;
}
h5 {
    font-size: 1em;
}
h6 {
   font-size: 1em;
    color: #777;
}
p,
blockquote,
ul,
ol,
dl,
table{
    margin: 0.8em 0;
}
li>ol,
li>ul {
    margin: 0 0;
}
hr {
    height: 2px;
    padding: 0;
    margin: 16px 0;
    background-color: #e7e7e7;
    border: 0 none;
    overflow: hidden;
    box-sizing: content-box;
}

li p.first {
    display: inline-block;
}
ul,
ol {
    padding-left: 30px;
}
ul:first-child,
ol:first-child {
    margin-top: 0;
}
ul:last-child,
ol:last-child {
    margin-bottom: 0;
}
blockquote {
    border-left: 4px solid #dfe2e5;
    padding: 0 15px;
    color: #777777;
}
blockquote blockquote {
    padding-right: 0;
}
table {
    padding: 0;
    word-break: initial;
}
table tr {
    border: 1px solid #dfe2e5;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
}
table tr:nth-child(2n),
thead {
    background-color: #f8f8f8;
}
table th {
    font-weight: bold;
    border: 1px solid #dfe2e5;
    border-bottom: 0;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 6px 13px;
}
table td {
    border: 1px solid #dfe2e5;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 6px 13px;
}
table th:first-child,
table td:first-child {
    margin-top: 0;
}
table th:last-child,
table td:last-child {
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

.CodeMirror-lines {
    padding-left: 4px;
}

.code-tooltip {
    box-shadow: 0 1px 1px 0 rgba(0,28,36,.3);
    border-top: 1px solid #eef2f2;
}

.md-fences,
code,
tt {
    border: 1px solid #e7eaed;
    background-color: #f8f8f8;
    border-radius: 3px;
    padding: 0;
    padding: 2px 4px 0px 4px;
    font-size: 0.9em;
}

code {
    background-color: #f3f4f4;
    padding: 0 2px 0 2px;
}

.md-fences {
    margin-bottom: 15px;
    margin-top: 15px;
    padding-top: 8px;
    padding-bottom: 6px;
}


.md-task-list-item > input {
  margin-left: -1.3em;
}

@media print {
    html {
        font-size: 13px;
    }
    table,
    pre {
        page-break-inside: avoid;
    }
    pre {
        word-wrap: break-word;
    }
}

.md-fences {
	background-color: #f8f8f8;
}
#write pre.md-meta-block {
	padding: 1rem;
    font-size: 85%;
    line-height: 1.45;
    background-color: #f7f7f7;
    border: 0;
    border-radius: 3px;
    color: #777777;
    margin-top: 0 !important;
}

.mathjax-block>.code-tooltip {
	bottom: .375rem;
}

.md-mathjax-midline {
    background: #fafafa;
}

#write>h3.md-focus:before{
	left: -1.5625rem;
	top: .375rem;
}
#write>h4.md-focus:before{
	left: -1.5625rem;
	top: .285714286rem;
}
#write>h5.md-focus:before{
	left: -1.5625rem;
	top: .285714286rem;
}
#write>h6.md-focus:before{
	left: -1.5625rem;
	top: .285714286rem;
}
.md-image>.md-meta {
    /*border: 1px solid #ddd;*/
    border-radius: 3px;
    padding: 2px 0px 0px 4px;
    font-size: 0.9em;
    color: inherit;
}

.md-tag {
    color: #a7a7a7;
    opacity: 1;
}

.md-toc {
    margin-top:20px;
    padding-bottom:20px;
}

.sidebar-tabs {
    border-bottom: none;
}

#typora-quick-open {
    border: 1px solid #ddd;
    background-color: #f8f8f8;
}

#typora-quick-open-item {
    background-color: #FAFAFA;
    border-color: #FEFEFE #e5e5e5 #e5e5e5 #eee;
    border-style: solid;
    border-width: 1px;
}

/** focus mode */
.on-focus-mode blockquote {
    border-left-color: rgba(85, 85, 85, 0.12);
}

header, .context-menu, .megamenu-content, footer{
    font-family: "Segoe UI", "Arial", sans-serif;
}

.file-node-content:hover .file-node-icon,
.file-node-content:hover .file-node-open-state{
    visibility: visible;
}

.mac-seamless-mode #typora-sidebar {
    background-color: #fafafa;
    background-color: var(--side-bar-bg-color);
}

.md-lang {
    color: #b4654d;
}

/*.html-for-mac {
    --item-hover-bg-color: #E6F0FE;
}*/

#md-notification .btn {
    border: 0;
}

.dropdown-menu .divider {
    border-color: #e5e5e5;
    opacity: 0.4;
}

.ty-preferences .window-content {
    background-color: #fafafa;
}

.ty-preferences .nav-group-item.active {
    color: white;
    background: #999;
}

.menu-item-container a.menu-style-btn {
    background-color: #f5f8fa;
    background-image: linear-gradient( 180deg , hsla(0, 0%, 100%, 0.8), hsla(0, 0%, 100%, 0));
}


 :root {--mermaid-font-zoom:1.5em ;}
</style><title>半吊子画pcb教程---第五章 PCB 布线</title>
</head>
<body class='typora-export os-windows'><div class='typora-export-content'>
<div id='write'  class=''><div class='md-toc' mdtype='toc'><p class="md-toc-content" role="list"><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h1" data-ref="n2"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#pcb-布线">PCB 布线</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h2" data-ref="n5"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#快捷键">快捷键</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h2" data-ref="n11"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#设计规则">设计规则</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h2" data-ref="n16"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#布线">布线</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h2" data-ref="n37"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#错误检查">错误检查</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h2" data-ref="n45"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#覆铜">覆铜</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h2" data-ref="n53"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#pcb美化与功能性加强">pcb美化与功能性加强</a></span></p></div><h1 id='pcb-布线'><span>PCB 布线</span></h1><p><span>在我们全部摆放完毕元件后，我们来布线。</span></p><p><span>布线有一种自动布线的方式，但是适合比较简单的板子使用，有些复杂的布线，无法使用自动布线完成，也为了美观，所以我们一般都会使用手动布线，手动布线就是手动用鼠标绘制。在不影响功能性的情况下，随心所欲为所欲为的布线。</span></p><h2 id='快捷键'><span>快捷键</span></h2><p><span>W：绘制</span></p><p><span>V：翻转层，并自动添加过孔，过孔是用来导通顶层和底层的线路。</span></p><p><span>T：切换到顶层（top）</span></p><p><span>B：切换到底层（bottom）</span></p><p><span>有以上两个键基本就够用了。</span></p><h2 id='设计规则'><span>设计规则</span></h2><ol start='' ><li><p><span>在设计规则里我们可以预设线条的宽度，过孔大小，间距等，可以看到默认值是0.254，一般情况下我们会设置VCC、+5V、GND这种线的宽度为0.318。所以点新增增加一个0.318线宽的规则。</span></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第五章 PCB 布线.assets\image-20210825170552159.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210825170552159">
<span>	</span>
<img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第五章 PCB 布线.assets\image-20210825170649196.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210825170649196">
<span>	</span>
<img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第五章 PCB 布线.assets\image-20210825171021593.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210825171021593"></p></li></ol><h2 id='布线'><span>布线</span></h2><ol start='' ><li><p><span>首先按下W，光标变成红色十字线，点击焊盘开始绘制，绘制布线的时候会有指示线，我们按指示线绘制即可完成布线。随心所欲，想怎么画就怎么画。</span></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第五章 PCB 布线.assets\image-20210825171646476.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210825171646476"></p></li><li><p><span>有时候我们绘制的线不尽如人意，所以偶尔要调整布线。让布线看起来更美观一些。像下图这种，我们选中不如意的布线，然后从中间往下拖动到我们满意为止。我们先画好</span><code>A6</code><span>、</span><code>B6</code><span>和</span><code>A7</code><span>、</span><code>B7</code><span>的连接线，实现了</span><code>TypeC</code><span>的正反插。也是连接主控</span><code>D+</code><span>和</span><code>D-</code><span>引脚的。</span></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第五章 PCB 布线.assets\image-20210825172024133.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210825172024133"></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第五章 PCB 布线.assets\image-20210825172055381.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210825172055381"></p></li><li><p><span>接下来我们对</span><code>TypeC</code><span>口的</span><code>GND</code><span>进行连线。在</span><code>A5</code><span>和</span><code>B5</code><span>连接5.1k电阻的时候，记得给</span><code>+5V</code><span>预留过孔空间。布线最好按45度角走线，原则上是这样说。</span></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第五章 PCB 布线.assets\image-20210825184136539.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210825184136539"></p></li><li><p><span>接下来我们布线所有得轴座，横竖矩阵相对来说比较好绘制，我们将COL画在顶层，将ROW画在底层。COL因为要画在顶层，所以每个焊盘都要绘制过孔。当我们遇到难以布线的地方可以使用其他类型的布线，比如圆弧等。在右边的编辑区可以选择。</span></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第五章 PCB 布线.assets\image-20210826184523194.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210826184523194"></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第五章 PCB 布线.assets\image-20210826190008545.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210826190008545"></p></li><li><p><span>布线过程中，我们会发现一些主控的引脚存在一些分配不合理的问题。我们可以随时调整。比如下图，col8引脚分配到了主控下面，capsled引脚分配的过于靠右，导致布线过于复杂，出现这种问题，我们可以适当调整，比如将col8分配到最近的1号引脚，就是E6引脚，然后将capsled分配给到左边的32号引脚。调整的时候记得先修改原理图，然后保存原理图后才能从原理图里更新pcb就可以了。</span></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第五章 PCB 布线.assets\image-20210827163352328.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210827163352328"></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第五章 PCB 布线.assets\image-20210827163954380.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210827163954380"></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第五章 PCB 布线.assets\image-20210827164046874.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210827164046874"></p></li></ol><h2 id='错误检查'><span>错误检查</span></h2><p><span>当我们布线完成后，仔细检查一下飞线层是否有遗留的线没画，如果没有的话就可以生成Gerber文件用于生产了。点击工具栏的制造，PCB制板文件，即可生成Gerber文件，但是在生成文件之前我们要检查一下网络错误，有连线冲突、连线遗漏、焊盘冲突等都可以在这里检查出来，我们点击是就可以对pcb的网络进行检查了。</span></p><p><span>我一共有两个错误：1.多画了一个过孔，没有布线。2.TypeC另一个+5V的引脚没有布线。需要对错误一一修改，之后才能制作Gerber文件，否则做出来网络错误，会导致pcb板不能使用。</span></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第五章 PCB 布线.assets\image-20210827173213025.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210827173213025"></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第五章 PCB 布线.assets\image-20210827173115315.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210827173115315"></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第五章 PCB 布线.assets\image-20210827173619730.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210827173619730"></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第五章 PCB 布线.assets\image-20210827173524838.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210827173524838"></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第五章 PCB 布线.assets\image-20210827173830107.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210827173830107"></p><h2 id='覆铜'><span>覆铜</span></h2><p><span>多数pcb一般都会整体使用覆铜的方式处理GND等网络的连线。国内大部分pcb都会进行覆铜操作。覆铜的意义在于，减小地线阻抗，提高抗干扰能力；降低压降，提高电源效率；还有，与地线相连，减小环路面积。但键盘的pcb覆铜到底利弊如何，目前我查询不到确切的资料证明。所以我对晶振环绕覆铜，晶振附近的覆铜，电路中的晶振为一高频发射源，做法是在环绕晶振覆铜，然后将晶振的外壳另行接地处理。其余部分还将C口位置进行了覆铜处理，以提高新号发射稳定性和强度。其他部分不做覆铜处理，老外的键盘pcb都不做覆铜处理，虽然我现在查不到是什么原因，但我觉得肯定是有道理的，猜测可能是因为键盘的信号频率不够高，完全没必要，亦或是加上没必要的覆铜会影响手感和声音？不得而知。</span></p><ol start='' ><li><p><span>点击工具栏里的覆铜选项，在弹出窗口中选择GND（双层板如无特殊需求一般都用GND）在C口需要覆铜位置画个闭合的图行，我这里画的是个矩形。当图形闭合后，右击鼠标，代表绘制完成，覆铜会自动填充完毕。晶振处也是一样操作。</span></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第五章 PCB 布线.assets\image-20210827185115200.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210827185115200"></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第五章 PCB 布线.assets\image-20210827185205456.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210827185205456"></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第五章 PCB 布线.assets\image-20210827185227396.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210827185227396"></p></li></ol><h2 id='pcb美化与功能性加强'><span>pcb美化与功能性加强</span></h2><p><span>在我们完全绘制完成和修复所有错误后，即代表我们绘制的PCB已经满足生产要求了。立即生成Gerber文件用于生产是完全没问题的，最后我们要对PCB进行美化一番，添加几个Logo，对螺丝孔和卫星轴的位置增加一下强度等一些列操作。</span></p><ol start='' ><li><p><span>给螺丝孔加固一下添加点覆铜，用于增加强度。首先点击工具上的圆形工具，找空地随便画个圆，右边编辑区修改线宽和半径为1.35（因为螺丝孔直径是2.25），完事后选中复制参考点是圆心，粘贴出来俩圆，修改其中一个为底层，一个为顶层。将两个圆重叠，然后全选俩圆的复合体，复制，参考点圆心。粘贴到螺丝孔上。就可以了。如果需要开窗，就再次复制圆圆形，粘贴为一个顶层阻焊层，一个底层阻焊层，合并到一起。点击工具栏的3D预览效果。</span></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第五章 PCB 布线.assets\image-20210827191818380.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210827191818380"></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第五章 PCB 布线.assets\image-20210827191912210.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210827191912210"></p></li><li><p><span>接下来找地方添加个logo，点击文件--&gt;导入--&gt;导入图片，导入的时候注意尺寸，以mm为单位的实际大小。</span></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第五章 PCB 布线.assets\image-20210827192057412.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210827192057412"></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第五章 PCB 布线.assets\image-20210827192133912.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210827192133912"></p><p>&nbsp;</p></li><li><p><span>导入后默认在顶层，我们复制一下，将其复制品修改为顶层阻焊层，并将两个图案合并，放置在pcb上面，就能达到下面的效果了。</span><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第五章 PCB 布线.assets\image-20210827192506798.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210827192506798"></p></li><li><p><span>同样的方法我们再来添加几个logo，背面正面只是顶层和底层的区别。</span></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第五章 PCB 布线.assets\image-20210827193739264.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210827193739264"></p></li><li><p><span>同的方法在做到底层就是在背面的logo，我们来画个板子的名成。</span></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第五章 PCB 布线.assets\image-20210828153619039.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210828153619039"></p></li><li><p><span>如果导入图片的时候选择反转，可以达到镂空的效果。</span></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第五章 PCB 布线.assets\image-20210828154315513.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210828154315513"></p><p>&nbsp;</p></li></ol><p>&nbsp;</p></div></div>
</body>
</html>