7_元组，集合与字典.ipynb · 王澎/python程序设计基础

加入 Gitee

与超过 1200万开发者一起发现、参与优秀开源项目，私有仓库也完全免费：）

克隆/下载

7_元组，集合与字典.ipynb 14.87 KB

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# 两个列表衍生数据结构"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 元组（不可改变的列表）\n",
    "\n",
    "* 定义方式\n",
    "* 和列表几乎一样\n",
    "* 唯一的不同：* 不可更改"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "6 2 (1, 3) 1\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a=(1,3,7,2,5,11)\n",
    "print(len(a),a[3],a[0:2],min(a))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "AttributeError",
     "evalue": "'tuple' object has no attribute 'append'",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[1;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[1;31mAttributeError\u001b[0m                            Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[1;32m<ipython-input-2-fcbc3288b426>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[1;34m()\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m----> 1\u001b[1;33m \u001b[0ma\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mappend\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m2\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[1;31mAttributeError\u001b[0m: 'tuple' object has no attribute 'append'"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a.append(2)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "TypeError",
     "evalue": "'tuple' object does not support item assignment",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[1;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[1;31mTypeError\u001b[0m                                 Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[1;32m<ipython-input-3-2226a346ff5c>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[1;34m()\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m----> 1\u001b[1;33m \u001b[0ma\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m[\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m1\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m]\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m0\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[1;31mTypeError\u001b[0m: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a[1]=0"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 集合(不能重复的列表)\n",
    "\n",
    "* set(),集合内涵\n",
    "* add\n",
    "* a - b ； a | b ； a & b ； a ^ b \n",
    "* 集合转换为列表\n",
    "* in ； not in\n",
    "* 集合与去重"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "{0, 1, 2, 7, 9} 5\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a=set([0,7,1,2,9,2,1])\n",
    "print(a,len(a))\n",
    "#print a[1]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "None\n",
      "[2, 1, 7, 2]\n",
      "{1, 2, 7}\n",
      "{1, 2, 5, 7}\n",
      "{1, 2, 5, 7}\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a=[2,1,7]\n",
    "print(a.append(2))\n",
    "print(a)\n",
    "b=set(a)\n",
    "print(b)\n",
    "b.add(5)\n",
    "print(b)\n",
    "b.add(1)\n",
    "print (b)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[1, 2, 4]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a=[1,1,4,2]\n",
    "print(list(set(a)))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "{0, 9, 6} {10, 4, 12} {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 10, 12} {1, 2, 3} {0, 4, 6, 9, 10, 12}\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a=set([0,3,1,6,9,2])\n",
    "b=set([3,1,4,2,12,10])\n",
    "print(a-b,b-a,a|b,a&b,a^b)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "True False\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a=set([0,3,1,6,9,2])\n",
    "print(9 in a, 0 not in a)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "{1, 2, 4}\n",
      "1\n",
      "2\n",
      "4\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a=[2,1,2,4]\n",
    "b=set(a)\n",
    "print(b)\n",
    "for i in b:\n",
    "    print(i)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### 课间题\n",
    "\n",
    "见python8-17-zuoye"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# 复杂数据结构： 字典"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "* 键值型存储\n",
    "* 字典的创建， 格式， 调用\n",
    "* 字典的更新-update\n",
    "* 不允许一个键对多值， 必须能哈希\n",
    "* dict（） 列表（元组） 的转换\n",
    "* len()\n",
    "* keys()values()items()\n",
    "* 字典的键的重复问题——尽量不要出现重复的键"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 27,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "2 k 3\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a={1:3,4:\"k\"}\n",
    "print(len(a),a[4],a[1])\n",
    "#print(a[3])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 28,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "4 [1, 2] w 6 3 1\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "s={2:4,4:3,3:\"w\",\"e\":[1,2],0:[2,3,4],21:{2:1,3:7}}\n",
    "print(s[2],s[\"e\"],s[3],len(s),s[0][1],s[21][2])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 33,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "2\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a={1:4,1:2,1:5,1:2,3:5}\n",
    "print(a[1])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 35,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[1, 2, 5]\n",
      "set([1, 2, 5, 6])\n",
      "{2: 4, 4: 8, 7: 1}\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a=[1,2]\n",
    "a.append(5)\n",
    "print(a)\n",
    "a=set(a)\n",
    "a.add(6)\n",
    "print(a)\n",
    "a={2:4,7:1}\n",
    "a.update({4:8})\n",
    "print(a)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 34,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "{0: 0, 1: 1, 2: 4}\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "p={}\n",
    "for i in range(0,3):\n",
    "    p.update({i:i**2})\n",
    "print(p)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 21,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "{1: 2, 2: 4, 9: 0}\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a={1:2}\n",
    "b={2:4,9:0}\n",
    "a.update(b)\n",
    "print(a)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 22,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "6\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a={1:3,4:7,1:6}\n",
    "print(a[1])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 37,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "{1: 6, 2: 5}\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a=[[2,5],[1,6]]\n",
    "print(dict(a))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 37,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[(9, 0), (2, 5), (6, 1), (7, 2)]\n",
      "9 0\n",
      "2 5\n",
      "6 1\n",
      "7 2\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a={2:5,6:1,9:0,7:2}\n",
    "print a.items()\n",
    "for i,j in a.items():\n",
    "    print(i,j)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 38,
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[1, 2, 5, 8, 11, 'r'] [4, 'p', 0, [1, 3, 4], {2: 5}, 7] [(1, 4), (2, 'p'), (5, 0), (8, [1, 3, 4]), (11, {2: 5}), ('r', 7)]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "s={1:4,2:\"p\",5:0,\"r\":7,8:[1,3,4],11:{2:5}}\n",
    "print(s.keys(),s.values(),s.items())"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 39,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1\n",
      "2\n",
      "5\n",
      "8\n",
      "11\n",
      "r\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for i in s:\n",
    "    print(i)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 32,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "4\n",
      "p\n",
      "0\n",
      "[1, 3, 4]\n",
      "{2: 5}\n",
      "7\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for i in s.keys():\n",
    "    print(s[i])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 43,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "5\n",
      "3\n",
      "r\n",
      "[2, 3, 4]\n",
      "{2: 1, 3: 7}\n",
      "[1, 2]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for i in s.values():\n",
    "    print(i)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 27,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1 4\n",
      "2 p\n",
      "5 0\n",
      "8 [1, 3, 4]\n",
      "11 {2: 5}\n",
      "r 7\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for i,j in s.items():\n",
    "    print(i,j)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#已知字典\n",
    "a={1:4,2:3,4:1,0:12,14:8,10:3,9:4,5:2,15:2}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "9"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#给出字典的长度\n",
    "len(a)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "4"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 3,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#通过a输出如下字符\n",
    "a[9]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "dict_keys([1, 2, 4, 0, 14, 10, 9, 5, 15]) dict_values([4, 3, 1, 12, 8, 3, 4, 2, 2])\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#给出字典的键和值\n",
    "print(a.keys(),a.values())"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "dict_items([(1, 4), (2, 3), (4, 1), (0, 12), (14, 8), (10, 3), (9, 4), (5, 2), (15, 2)])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 11,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#给出字典的item\n",
    "a.items()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "(1, 4)\n",
      "(2, 3)\n",
      "(4, 1)\n",
      "(0, 12)\n",
      "(14, 8)\n",
      "(10, 3)\n",
      "(9, 4)\n",
      "(5, 2)\n",
      "(15, 2)\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#分行输出\n",
    "for i in a.items():\n",
    "    print(i)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1 4\n",
      "2 3\n",
      "4 1\n",
      "0 12\n",
      "14 8\n",
      "10 3\n",
      "9 4\n",
      "5 2\n",
      "15 2\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#分行输出\n",
    "for i in a.items():\n",
    "    print(i[0],i[1])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "(14, 8)\n",
      "(10, 3)\n",
      "(9, 4)\n",
      "(15, 2)\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#挑出字典里所有大于5的键,并连同其值一起输出\n",
    "for i in a.items():\n",
    "    if i[0]>5:\n",
    "        print(i)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[1, 0, 14, 9, 5, 15]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#挑出所有为偶数的值，将其对应的键放入一个列表中输出\n",
    "k=[]\n",
    "for i in a.items():\n",
    "    if i[1]%2==0:\n",
    "        k.append(i[0])\n",
    "print(k)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "{1: 4, 2: 3, 4: 1, 10: 3, 9: 4, 5: 2, 15: 2}\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#挑出字典里所有值小于5的item形成一个新字典\n",
    "k={}\n",
    "for i in a.items():\n",
    "    if i[1]<5:\n",
    "        k.update({i[0]:i[1]})\n",
    "print(k)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 课间题\n",
    "\n",
    "见python8-17-zuoye"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
 ],
 "metadata": {
  "kernelspec": {
   "display_name": "Python 3",
   "language": "python",
   "name": "python3"
  },
  "language_info": {
   "codemirror_mode": {
    "name": "ipython",
    "version": 3
   },
   "file_extension": ".py",
   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
   "name": "python",
   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
   "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
   "version": "3.7.0"
  }
 },
 "nbformat": 4,
 "nbformat_minor": 1
}

一键复制编辑原始数据按行查看历史

提交于 2019-12-18 11:35 . rename 8_元组，集合与字典.ipynb to 7_元组，集合与字典.ipynb.

马建仓 AI 助手

尝试更多

代码解读

代码找茬

代码优化

Python

https://gitee.com/wing2004/pkecheng.git

git@gitee.com:wing2004/pkecheng.git

wing2004

pkecheng

python程序设计基础

master

王澎/python程序设计基础

简介

发行版

贡献者

近期动态

王澎/python程序设计基础 .gitee-modal { width: 500px !important; }

简介

发行版

贡献者

近期动态

搜索帮助

王澎/python程序设计基础