def enroll(name,gender,age=26,city='shanghai'):
    print('name:',name)
    print('gender:',gender)
    print('age:',age)
    print('city:',city)
    
def add_end(L=None):
    if L is None:
        L=[]
    L.append('end')
    return L
    
def person(name,age,*other,city,job,**kw):
    print(name, age, other, city, job,kw)

'''    
def fact(n):
    if n==1:
        return 1
    return n*fact(n-1)
'''

def fact(n):
    return fact_iter(n,1)
    
def fact_iter(num,sum):
    if num==1:
        return sum
    return fact_iter(num-1,sum*num)
        
def move(n,a,b,c):
    if n<=0:
        return
    move(n-1,a,c,b)
    print(a,'->',c)
    move(n-1,b,a,c)
    
def tgdz(year):
    tgs=('甲','乙','丙','丁','戊','己','庚','辛','壬','癸')
    dzs=['子','丑','寅','卯','辰','巳','午','未','申','酉','戌','亥']
    
    t=year%10
    d=year%12
    for i,tg in enumerate(tgs):
        i=i+4
        if i>=10:
            i=i-10
        if i==t:
            t=tg
    for j,dz in enumerate(dzs):
        j=j+4
        if j>=12:
            j=j-12
            
        if j==d:
            d=dz
    circle=[ (x+y) for i,x in enumerate(tgs) for j,y in enumerate(dzs) if (i+j)%2==0 ]     
    print (circle)
    print('%s%s年'%(t,d))
 
def lower_str():
    L1=['Hello','worLD','of',9,'NEW','DooR','18']
    L2=[(l.lower() if isinstance(l,str) else l )for l in L1]
#    L2=[l.lower() for l in L1 if isinstance(l,str)]
    print(L2)
    
def fib(max):
    n,a,b=0,0,1
    while n<max:
        yield b
        a,b=b,a+b
        n=n+1
    return
    
def triangles():
    L=[1]
    yield L
    while True:
        FL=[]
        for i,n in enumerate(L):
            if i==0:
                FL.append(n)
            else:
                FL.append(n+L[i-1])
            if (i+1)==len(L):
                FL.append(n)
        L=FL
        yield(L)

def taiangles():
    L=[1]
    while True:
        yield(L)
        # 直接跳过数组第一个元素，从第二位开始进行计算
        i=1
        last=L[0]
        # 提前添加一位0元素
        L.append(0)
        while i<len(L):
            t=L[i]
            # 当前元素与前一个元素相加
            L[i]+=last
            last=t
            i+=1
            
def s_triangles():
    L=[1]
    while True:
        yield L
        L.append(0)
        L=[L[i-1]+L[i] for i in range(len(L))]
        
        
                
def normalize(L):
    for i,n in enumerate(L):
        if i==0:
            L[i]=n.upper()
        else:
            L[i]=n.lower()
    # 将数组转换为字符串        
    return ''.join(L)

def normalize_1(name):
    temp=''
    temp=name[0].upper()
    temp=temp+name[1:].lower()
    return temp
    
def normalize_2(name):
    # python自带有将首字母大写，其余小写的方法
    return name.capitalize()
    
def prod(L):
    multi=reduce(lambda x,y:x*y,L)
    return multi    

# str2float调用的子方法    
def tonum(s):
    L={'1':1,'2':2,'3':3,'4':4,'5':5,'6':6,'7':7,'8':8,'9':9,'0':0}
    if L[s]:
        return L[s]

# str2float调用的子方法         
def fs(m,n):
    mn=m*10+n
    return mn
        
def str2float(s):
    ws=[i for i,f in enumerate(s) if f=='.']
    sn=s[0:ws[0]]+s[ws[0]+1:]#将小数点前后的元素重组为一个数组
    divisor=10**(len(s)-ws[0]-1)#乘方
    m=map(tonum,sn)#将字符串变为数字 
    num=reduce(fs,m) 
    return num/divisor 
    
#str2float的改良合并版
def strtofloat(s):
    s=s.split('.')
    s[0]=map(int,s[0])
    s[1]=map(int,s[1][::-1])
    s1=reduce(lambda x,y:x*10+y,s[0])
    s2=reduce(lambda x,y:x/10+y,s[1])
    return s1+s2/10