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_source fieldBy default, Elasticsearch stores the JSON string representing the
document body in the _source field. Like all stored fields, the _source
field is compressed before being written to disk.
This is almost always desired functionality because it means that:
the full document is available directly from the search results — no need for a separate round trip to fetch the document from another datastore
partial update requests will not function without the _source field
when your mapping changes and you need to reindex your data, you can do so directly from Elasticsearch instead of having to retrieve all of your documents from another (usually slower) datastore
individual fields can be extracted from the _source field and returned
in get or search requests when you don’t need to see the whole document
it is easier to debug queries because you can see exactly what each document contains, rather than having to guess their contents from a list of IDs
That said, storing the _source field does use disk space. If none of the
above reasons is important to you, you can disable the _source field with
the following mapping:
PUT /my_index
{
"mappings": {
"my_type": {
"_source": {
"enabled": false
}
}
}
}
In a search request, you can ask for only certain fields by specifying the
_source parameter in the request body:
GET /_search
{
"query": { "match_all": {}},
"_source": [ "title", "created" ]
}
Values for these fields will be extracted from the _source field and
returned instead of the full _source.
Besides indexing the values of a field, you can also choose to store the
original field value for later retrieval. Users with a Lucene background use
stored fields to choose which fields they would like to be able to return in
their search results. In fact the _source field is a stored field.
In Elasticsearch, setting individual document fields to be stored is usually a
false optimization. The whole document is already stored as the _source
field. It is almost always better to just extract the fields that you need
using the _source parameter.
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