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<h1 class="title">README.org</h1>
<div id="table-of-contents">
<h2>Table of Contents</h2>
<div id="text-table-of-contents">
<ul>
<li><a href="#sec-1">1 第六章：序列：字符串、列表和元组</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#sec-1-1">1.1 字符串</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#sec-1-1-1">1.1.1 操作符</a></li>
<li><a href="#sec-1-1-2">1.1.2 内建函数</a></li>
<li><a href="#sec-1-1-3">1.1.3 字符串内建函数</a></li>
<li><a href="#sec-1-1-4">1.1.4 字符串的删除</a></li>
<li><a href="#sec-1-1-5">1.1.5 只适用于字符串的操作符</a></li>
<li><a href="#sec-1-1-6">1.1.6 原始字符串：</a></li>
<li><a href="#sec-1-1-7">1.1.7 字符串的不变性</a></li>
<li><a href="#sec-1-1-8">1.1.8 <b>unicode</b></a></li>
<li><a href="#sec-1-1-9">1.1.9 与字符串相关的模块</a></li>
<li><a href="#sec-1-1-10">1.1.10 python不是一‘nul’结束的</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#sec-1-2">1.2 列表</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#sec-1-2-1">1.2.1 与字符串相同的性质</a></li>
<li><a href="#sec-1-2-2">1.2.2 列表解析</a></li>
<li><a href="#sec-1-2-3">1.2.3 内建函数</a></li>
<li><a href="#sec-1-2-4">1.2.4 列表的内建函数</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#sec-1-3">1.3 元组</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#sec-1-3-1">1.3.1 元组和列表的不同点</a></li>
<li><a href="#sec-1-3-2">1.3.2 元组不可变, 但是可用list() 转化为列表.</a></li>
<li><a href="#sec-1-3-3">1.3.3 元组不可变性中的可变部分.</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-1" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="sec-1"><span class="section-number-2">1</span> 第六章：序列：字符串、列表和元组 <span class="tag"><span class="___">字符串</span> <span class="__">列表</span> <span class="__">元组</span></span></h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-1">
</div>
<div id="outline-container-1-1" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="sec-1-1"><span class="section-number-3">1.1</span> 字符串</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1-1">
</div>
<div id="outline-container-1-1-1" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="sec-1-1-1"><span class="section-number-4">1.1.1</span> 操作符</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-1-1-1">
<pre class="example">in, not in, +, *, 切片操作符：[], [:], [::]
</pre>
<ul>
<li>切片操作
</li>
</ul>
<pre class="example">>>> string = "hello world!"
>>> string[1]
'e'
>>> string [1:3]
'el'
>>> string[3:1]
''
>>> string[-1:0]
''
>>> string[0:-1]
'hello world'
>>> '步进操作'
'\xe6\xad\xa5\xe8\xbf\x9b\xe6\x93\x8d\xe4\xbd\x9c'
>>> string[::1]
'hello world!'
>>> string[::2]
'hlowrd'
>>> string[::3]
'hlwl'
>>> string[::-1]
'!dlrow olleh'
>>>
</pre>
<ul>
<li>in, not in操作符
</li>
</ul>
<pre class="example">>>> string = 'hello world!'
>>> 'hello' in string
True
>>> 'hello' not in string
False
</pre>
<ul>
<li>string 模块
</li>
</ul>
<pre class="example">>>> import string
>>> string.uppercase
'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'
>>> string.lowercase
'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'
>>> string.letters
'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'
>>> string.digits
'0123456789'
>>> 'hello' + 'world!'
'helloworld!'
>>> 'hello' + ' ' + 'world!'
'hello world!'
>>> s = 'hello' + ' ' + 'world!'
>>> string.upper(s[:3])
'HEL'
>>> s
'hello world!'
>>> s = string.Template('My name is ${name} and my age is ${age}')
>>> print s.substitute(name='hujianxin', age=21)
My name is hujianxin and my age is 21
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-1-1-2" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="sec-1-1-2"><span class="section-number-4">1.1.2</span> 内建函数</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-1-1-2">
<table border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" rules="groups" frame="hsides">
<colgroup><col class="left" /><col class="left" />
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr><th scope="col" class="left">类型转换</th><th scope="col" class="left">可操作</th></tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr><td class="left">list()</td><td class="left">enumerate() (转换为字典序列)</td></tr>
<tr><td class="left">str()</td><td class="left">len()</td></tr>
<tr><td class="left">unicode()</td><td class="left">max()</td></tr>
<tr><td class="left">basestring()</td><td class="left">min()</td></tr>
<tr><td class="left">tuple()</td><td class="left">reversed()</td></tr>
<tr><td class="left">chr()</td><td class="left">sorted()</td></tr>
<tr><td class="left">ord()</td><td class="left">sum()</td></tr>
<tr><td class="left">unichr()</td><td class="left">zip()</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<i>内建函数的使用</i>
<pre class="example">>>> s = 'foobar'
>>> for i, t in enumerate(s):
... print i, t
...
0 f
1 o
2 o
3 b
4 a
5 r
>>> s, t = 'foa', 'obr'
>>> zip(s, t)
[('f', 'o'), ('o', 'b'), ('a', 'r')]
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-1-1-3" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="sec-1-1-3"><span class="section-number-4">1.1.3</span> 字符串内建函数</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-1-1-3">
<p><i>太多了，用dir（）内建函数可以查看</i>
例如：
</p>
<pre class="example">>>> dir('hello')
['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getitem__', '__getnewargs__', '__getslice__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__le__', '__len__', '__lt__', '__mod__', '__mul__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__rmod__', '__rmul__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', '_formatter_field_name_split', '_formatter_parser', 'capitalize', 'center', 'count', 'decode', 'encode', 'endswith', 'expandtabs', 'find', 'format', 'index', 'isalnum', 'isalpha', 'isdigit', 'islower', 'isspace', 'istitle', 'isupper', 'join', 'ljust', 'lower', 'lstrip', 'partition', 'replace', 'rfind', 'rindex', 'rjust', 'rpartition', 'rsplit', 'rstrip', 'split', 'splitlines', 'startswith', 'strip', 'swapcase', 'title', 'translate', 'upper', 'zfill']
>>>
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-1-1-4" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="sec-1-1-4"><span class="section-number-4">1.1.4</span> 字符串的删除</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-1-1-4">
<p>del string
</p></div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-1-1-5" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="sec-1-1-5"><span class="section-number-4">1.1.5</span> 只适用于字符串的操作符</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-1-1-5">
<ul>
<li>字符串格式化符号
<table border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" rules="groups" frame="hsides">
<colgroup><col class="left" /><col class="left" />
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr><th scope="col" class="left">格式化字符</th><th scope="col" class="left">转换方式</th></tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr><td class="left">%c</td><td class="left">字符</td></tr>
<tr><td class="left">%r</td><td class="left">repr（）优先处理的字符串</td></tr>
<tr><td class="left">%s</td><td class="left">str（）优先处理的字符串</td></tr>
<tr><td class="left">%d/%i</td><td class="left">有符号十进制数</td></tr>
<tr><td class="left">%u</td><td class="left">无符号十进制数</td></tr>
<tr><td class="left">%o</td><td class="left">无符号八进制数</td></tr>
<tr><td class="left">%x/%X</td><td class="left">无符号十六进制数</td></tr>
<tr><td class="left">%e/%E</td><td class="left">科学计数法</td></tr>
<tr><td class="left">%f/%F</td><td class="left">浮点数</td></tr>
<tr><td class="left">%g/%G</td><td class="left"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="left">%%</td><td class="left">输出%</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</li>
<li>格式化操作符辅助指令
<table border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" rules="groups" frame="hsides">
<colgroup><col class="left" /><col class="left" />
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr><th scope="col" class="left">符号</th><th scope="col" class="left">作用</th></tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr><td class="left">*</td><td class="left">定义宽度或者小数点精度</td></tr>
<tr><td class="left">-</td><td class="left">左对齐</td></tr>
<tr><td class="left">+</td><td class="left">在正数前面显示+</td></tr>
<tr><td class="left"><sp></td><td class="left">在整数前面显示空格</td></tr>
<tr><td class="left">#</td><td class="left">八进制前面显示0,十六进制前面显示0x</td></tr>
<tr><td class="left">0</td><td class="left">显示数字的前面显示0而不是空格</td></tr>
<tr><td class="left">%</td><td class="left">%</td></tr>
<tr><td class="left">(var)</td><td class="left">映射变量（字典参数）</td></tr>
<tr><td class="left">m.n</td><td class="left">m最小宽度，n小数点后面的位数</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</li>
</ul>
<pre class="example">>>> '%+d, %+d' % (1, -1)
'+1, -1'
>>> '%#o, %#x' %(12, 12)
'014, 0xc'
>>> '%03d' % 2
'002'
>>> '%-3d' % 3
'3 '
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-1-1-6" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="sec-1-1-6"><span class="section-number-4">1.1.6</span> 原始字符串：</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-1-1-6">
<p>用操作符 <b>r</b> 来表示
主要用途： <b>正则表达式</b> 。
<b>引入re模块来说用原始字符串的作用</b>
</p>
<pre class="example">>>> import re
>>> m = re.search('\\[n]', r'Hello \n')
>>> m.group()
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'group'
>>> m = re.search('\\\[n]', r'Hello \n')
>>> m.group()
'\\n'
>>> m = re.search(r'\\[n]', r'Hello \n')
>>> m.group()
'\\n'
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-1-1-7" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="sec-1-1-7"><span class="section-number-4">1.1.7</span> 字符串的不变性</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-1-1-7">
<p><i>直接上例子</i>
</p>
<pre class="example">>>> s = 'hello'
>>> s
'hello'
>>> id(s)
3072956288L
>>> s += 'world!'
>>> s
'helloworld!'
>>> id(s)
3072937632L
>>> s[1]
'e'
>>> s[1] = 'c'
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: 'str' object does not support item assignment
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-1-1-8" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="sec-1-1-8"><span class="section-number-4">1.1.8</span> <span class="todo TODO">TODO</span> <b>unicode</b></h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-1-1-8">
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-1-1-9" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="sec-1-1-9"><span class="section-number-4">1.1.9</span> 与字符串相关的模块</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-1-1-9">
<table border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" rules="groups" frame="hsides">
<colgroup><col class="left" /><col class="left" />
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr><th scope="col" class="left">模块</th><th scope="col" class="left">描述</th></tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr><td class="left">string</td><td class="left"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="left">re</td><td class="left"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="left">struct</td><td class="left">字符串与二进制转换</td></tr>
<tr><td class="left">c/StringIO</td><td class="left">字符串缓冲对象，操作类似于file对象</td></tr>
<tr><td class="left">base26</td><td class="left">base 16 32 64 数据编解码</td></tr>
<tr><td class="left">codecs</td><td class="left">解码器注册和基类</td></tr>
<tr><td class="left">crypt</td><td class="left">进行单方面加密</td></tr>
<tr><td class="left">difflib</td><td class="left">找出序列间的不同</td></tr>
<tr><td class="left">hashlib</td><td class="left">各种不同安全hash算法和信息摘要算法的api</td></tr>
<tr><td class="left">hma</td><td class="left">HMAC信息鉴权算法的python实现</td></tr>
<tr><td class="left">md5</td><td class="left">RSA的md5信息摘要鉴权</td></tr>
<tr><td class="left">rotor</td><td class="left">提供多平台的加密解密服务</td></tr>
<tr><td class="left">sha</td><td class="left">NIAT的安全hash算法</td></tr>
<tr><td class="left">stringprep</td><td class="left">提供ip协议的unicode字符串</td></tr>
<tr><td class="left">textwrap</td><td class="left">文本包装和填充</td></tr>
<tr><td class="left">unicodedata</td><td class="left">unicode数据库</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-1-1-10" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="sec-1-1-10"><span class="section-number-4">1.1.10</span> python不是一‘nul’结束的</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-1-1-10">
<p>在字符串中，我们只需要关注自己的内容即可。其余的事情python已经解决了。
</p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-1-2" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="sec-1-2"><span class="section-number-3">1.2</span> 列表</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1-2">
</div>
<div id="outline-container-1-2-1" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="sec-1-2-1"><span class="section-number-4">1.2.1</span> 与字符串相同的性质</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-1-2-1">
<p>创建，访问（切片）， 删除，成员操作符（in, not in）, 链接符（+）
重复操作符（*）
</p></div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-1-2-2" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="sec-1-2-2"><span class="section-number-4">1.2.2</span> 列表解析</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-1-2-2">
<p><b>很重要，很实用。</b>
</p></div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-1-2-3" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="sec-1-2-3"><span class="section-number-4">1.2.3</span> 内建函数</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-1-2-3">
<table border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" rules="groups" frame="hsides">
<colgroup><col class="left" /><col class="left" />
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr><th scope="col" class="left">函数</th><th scope="col" class="left">作用</th></tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr><td class="left">len()</td><td class="left"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="left">max()</td><td class="left"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="left">min()</td><td class="left"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="left">sorted()</td><td class="left"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="left">reserved()</td><td class="left"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="left">enumerate()</td><td class="left"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="left">zip()</td><td class="left"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="left">sum()</td><td class="left"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="left">list()</td><td class="left"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="left">tuple()</td><td class="left"></td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-1-2-4" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="sec-1-2-4"><span class="section-number-4">1.2.4</span> 列表的内建函数</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-1-2-4">
<p>很多，可以用dir(list)观看。
</p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-1-3" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="sec-1-3"><span class="section-number-3">1.3</span> 元组</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1-3">
</div>
<div id="outline-container-1-3-1" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="sec-1-3-1"><span class="section-number-4">1.3.1</span> 元组和列表的不同点</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-1-3-1">
<ol>
<li>元组不可改变.
这一点决定了元组可以干许多列表不可以干的事情. 例如:做一个字典的key. 还有就是处理一组对象是,这个组默认为元组.
</li>
<li>元组用(), 而列表用[].
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-1-3-2" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="sec-1-3-2"><span class="section-number-4">1.3.2</span> 元组不可变, 但是可用list() 转化为列表.</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-1-3-2">
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-1-3-3" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="sec-1-3-3"><span class="section-number-4">1.3.3</span> 元组不可变性中的可变部分.</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-1-3-3">
<ol>
<li>重新赋值法.
<pre class="example">>>> t = ('hello')
>>> t
'hello'
>>> t += ' world!'
>>> t
'hello world!'
</pre>
</li>
<li>改变元组元素的元素法.
<pre class="example">>>> t = (['hello', 3], [' world!'], 1)
>>> t
(['hello', 3], [' world!'], 1)
>>> t[0][1] = 2
>>> t
(['hello', 2], [' world!'], 1)
</pre>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="postamble">
<p class="date">Date: 2014-01-27 一 至今</p>
<p class="author">Author: hujianxin</p>
<p class="creator"><a href="http://orgmode.org">Org</a> version 7.9.3f with <a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/">Emacs</a> version 24</p>
<a href="http://validator.w3.org/check?uri=referer">Validate XHTML 1.0</a>
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