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<article class="Vimdoc VimdocJa">
<div id='vimCodeElement'>
<a class="Constant" href="vi_diff.html" name="vi_diff.txt">vi_diff.txt</a> For <span class="Identifier">Vim version 8.0.</span> Last change: 2016 Aug 16<br>
<br>
<br>
<span class="Identifier">VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar</span><br>
<br>
<br>
Differences between Vim and Vi <a class="Constant" href="vi_diff.html#vi-differences" name="vi-differences">vi-differences</a><br>
<br>
Throughout the help files differences between Vim and Vi/Ex are given in<br>
curly braces, like "<span class="Special">{not in Vi}</span>". This file only lists what has not been<br>
mentioned in other files and gives an overview.<br>
<br>
Vim is mostly POSIX 1003.2-1 compliant. The only command known to be missing<br>
is ":open". There are probably a lot of small differences (either because Vim<br>
is missing something or because Posix is beside the mark).<br>
<br>
1. Simulated command <a class="Identifier" href="vi_diff.html#simulated-command">simulated-command</a><br>
2. Missing options <a class="Identifier" href="vi_diff.html#missing-options">missing-options</a><br>
3. Limits <a class="Identifier" href="vi_diff.html#limits">limits</a><br>
4. The most interesting additions <a class="Identifier" href="vi_diff.html#vim-additions">vim-additions</a><br>
5. Other vim features <a class="Identifier" href="vi_diff.html#other-features">other-features</a><br>
6. Command-line arguments <a class="Identifier" href="vi_diff.html#cmdline-arguments">cmdline-arguments</a><br>
7. POSIX compliance <a class="Identifier" href="vi_diff.html#posix-compliance">posix-compliance</a><br>
<br>
<span class="PreProc">==============================================================================</span><br>
1. Simulated command <a class="Constant" href="vi_diff.html#simulated-command" name="simulated-command">simulated-command</a><br>
<br>
This command is in Vi, but Vim only simulates it:<br>
<br>
<a class="Constant" href="vi_diff.html#:o" name=":o">:o</a> <a class="Constant" href="vi_diff.html#:op" name=":op">:op</a> <a class="Constant" href="vi_diff.html#:open" name=":open">:open</a><br>
:<span class="Special">[range]</span>o[pen] Works like <a class="Identifier" href="editing.html#:visual">:visual</a>: end Ex mode.<br>
<span class="Special">{Vi: start editing in open mode}</span><br>
<br>
:<span class="Special">[range]</span>o[pen] /pattern/ As above, additionally move the cursor to the<br>
column where "pattern" matches in the cursor<br>
line.<br>
<br>
Vim does not support open mode, since it's not really useful. For those<br>
situations where ":open" would start open mode Vim will leave Ex mode, which<br>
allows executing the same commands, but updates the whole screen instead of<br>
only one line.<br>
<br>
<span class="PreProc">==============================================================================</span><br>
2. Missing options <a class="Constant" href="vi_diff.html#missing-options" name="missing-options">missing-options</a><br>
<br>
These options are in the Unix Vi, but not in Vim. If you try to set one of<br>
them you won't get an error message, but the value is not used and cannot be<br>
printed.<br>
<br>
autoprint (ap) boolean (default on) <a class="Constant" href="vi_diff.html#'autoprint'" name="'autoprint'">'autoprint'</a> <a class="Constant" href="vi_diff.html#'ap'" name="'ap'">'ap'</a><br>
beautify (bf) boolean (default off) <a class="Constant" href="vi_diff.html#'beautify'" name="'beautify'">'beautify'</a> <a class="Constant" href="vi_diff.html#'bf'" name="'bf'">'bf'</a><br>
flash (fl) boolean (default ??) <a class="Constant" href="vi_diff.html#'flash'" name="'flash'">'flash'</a> <a class="Constant" href="vi_diff.html#'fl'" name="'fl'">'fl'</a><br>
graphic (gr) boolean (default off) <a class="Constant" href="vi_diff.html#'graphic'" name="'graphic'">'graphic'</a> <a class="Constant" href="vi_diff.html#'gr'" name="'gr'">'gr'</a><br>
hardtabs (ht) number (default 8) <a class="Constant" href="vi_diff.html#'hardtabs'" name="'hardtabs'">'hardtabs'</a> <a class="Constant" href="vi_diff.html#'ht'" name="'ht'">'ht'</a><br>
number of spaces that a <span class="Special"><Tab></span> moves on the display<br>
mesg boolean (default on) <a class="Constant" href="vi_diff.html#'mesg'" name="'mesg'">'mesg'</a><br>
novice boolean (default off) <a class="Constant" href="vi_diff.html#'novice'" name="'novice'">'novice'</a><br>
open boolean (default on) <a class="Constant" href="vi_diff.html#'open'" name="'open'">'open'</a><br>
optimize (op) boolean (default off) <a class="Constant" href="vi_diff.html#'optimize'" name="'optimize'">'optimize'</a> <a class="Constant" href="vi_diff.html#'op'" name="'op'">'op'</a><br>
redraw boolean (default off) <a class="Constant" href="vi_diff.html#'redraw'" name="'redraw'">'redraw'</a><br>
slowopen (slow) boolean (default off) <a class="Constant" href="vi_diff.html#'slowopen'" name="'slowopen'">'slowopen'</a> <a class="Constant" href="vi_diff.html#'slow'" name="'slow'">'slow'</a><br>
sourceany boolean (default off) <a class="Constant" href="vi_diff.html#'sourceany'" name="'sourceany'">'sourceany'</a><br>
w300 number (default 23) <a class="Constant" href="vi_diff.html#'w300'" name="'w300'">'w300'</a><br>
w1200 number (default 23) <a class="Constant" href="vi_diff.html#'w1200'" name="'w1200'">'w1200'</a><br>
w9600 number (default 23) <a class="Constant" href="vi_diff.html#'w9600'" name="'w9600'">'w9600'</a><br>
<br>
<span class="PreProc">==============================================================================</span><br>
3. Limits <a class="Constant" href="vi_diff.html#limits" name="limits">limits</a><br>
<br>
Vim has only a few limits for the files that can be edited <span class="Special">{Vi: can not handle</span><br>
<span class="Special"><Nul> characters and characters above 128, has limited line length, many other</span><br>
<span class="Special">limits}</span>.<br>
<a class="Constant" href="vi_diff.html#E340" name="E340">E340</a><br>
Maximum line length On machines with 16-bit ints (Amiga and MS-DOS real<br>
mode): 32767, otherwise 2147483647 characters.<br>
Longer lines are split.<br>
Maximum number of lines 2147483647 lines.<br>
Maximum file size 2147483647 bytes (2 Gbyte) when a long integer is<br>
32 bits. Much more for 64 bit longs. Also limited<br>
by available disk space for the <a class="Identifier" href="recover.html#swap-file">swap-file</a>.<br>
<a class="Constant" href="vi_diff.html#E75" name="E75">E75</a><br>
Length of a file path Unix and Win32: 1024 characters, otherwise 256<br>
characters (or as much as the system supports).<br>
Length of an expanded string option<br>
Unix and Win32: 1024 characters, otherwise 256<br>
characters<br>
Maximum display width Unix and Win32: 1024 characters, otherwise 255<br>
characters<br>
Maximum lhs of a mapping 50 characters.<br>
Number of different highlighting types: over 30000<br>
Range of a Number variable: -2147483648 to 2147483647 (might be more on 64<br>
bit systems)<br>
Maximum length of a line in a tags file: 512 bytes.<br>
<br>
Information for undo and text in registers is kept in memory, thus when making<br>
(big) changes the amount of (virtual) memory available limits the number of<br>
undo levels and the text that can be kept in registers. Other things are also<br>
kept in memory: Command-line history, error messages for Quickfix mode, etc.<br>
<br>
Memory usage limits<br>
<span class="PreProc">-------------------</span><br>
<br>
The option <a class="Type" href="options.html#'maxmem'">'maxmem'</a> (<a class="Type" href="options.html#'mm'">'mm'</a>) is used to set the maximum memory used for one<br>
buffer (in kilobytes). <a class="Type" href="options.html#'maxmemtot'">'maxmemtot'</a> is used to set the maximum memory used for<br>
all buffers (in kilobytes). The defaults depend on the system used. For the<br>
Amiga and MS-DOS, <a class="Type" href="options.html#'maxmemtot'">'maxmemtot'</a> is set depending on the amount of memory<br>
available.<br>
These are not hard limits, but tell Vim when to move text into a swap file.<br>
If you don't like Vim to swap to a file, set <a class="Type" href="options.html#'maxmem'">'maxmem'</a> and <a class="Type" href="options.html#'maxmemtot'">'maxmemtot'</a> to a<br>
very large value. The swap file will then only be used for recovery. If you<br>
don't want a swap file at all, set <a class="Type" href="options.html#'updatecount'">'updatecount'</a> to 0, or use the "-n"<br>
argument when starting Vim.<br>
<br>
<span class="PreProc">==============================================================================</span><br>
4. The most interesting additions <a class="Constant" href="vi_diff.html#vim-additions" name="vim-additions">vim-additions</a><br>
<br>
Vi compatibility. <a class="Identifier" href="options.html#'compatible'">'compatible'</a><br>
Although Vim is 99% Vi compatible, some things in Vi can be<br>
considered to be a bug, or at least need improvement. But still, Vim<br>
starts in a mode which behaves like the "real" Vi as much as possible.<br>
To make Vim behave a little bit better, try resetting the <a class="Type" href="options.html#'compatible'">'compatible'</a><br>
option:<br>
:set nocompatible<br>
Or start Vim with the "-<span class="Special">N</span>" argument:<br>
vim -<span class="Special">N</span><br>
Vim starts with <a class="Type" href="options.html#'nocompatible'">'nocompatible'</a> automatically if you have a .vimrc<br>
file. See <a class="Identifier" href="starting.html#startup">startup</a>.<br>
The <a class="Type" href="options.html#'cpoptions'">'cpoptions'</a> option can be used to set Vi compatibility on/off for<br>
a number of specific items.<br>
<br>
Support for different systems.<br>
Vim can be used on:<br>
- All Unix systems (it works on all systems it was tested on, although<br>
the GUI and Perl interface may not work everywhere).<br>
- Amiga (500, 1000, 1200, 2000, 3000, 4000, ...).<br>
- MS-DOS in real-mode (no additional drivers required).<br>
- In protected mode on Windows 3.1 and MS-DOS (DPMI driver required).<br>
- Windows 95 and Windows NT, with support for long file names.<br>
- OS/2 (needs emx.dll)<br>
- Atari MiNT<br>
- VMS<br>
- BeOS<br>
- Macintosh<br>
- Risc OS<br>
- IBM OS/390<br>
<span class="Todo">Note</span> that on some systems features need to be disabled to reduce<br>
resource usage, esp. on MS-DOS. For some outdated systems you need to<br>
use an older Vim version.<br>
<br>
Multi level persistent undo. <a class="Identifier" href="undo.html#undo">undo</a><br>
'u' goes backward in time, '<span class="Special">CTRL-R</span>' goes forward again. Set option<br>
<a class="Type" href="options.html#'undolevels'">'undolevels'</a> to the number of changes to be remembered (default 1000).<br>
Set <a class="Type" href="options.html#'undolevels'">'undolevels'</a> to 0 for a Vi-compatible one level undo. Set it to<br>
-1 for no undo at all.<br>
When all changes in a buffer have been undone, the buffer is not<br>
considered changed anymore. You can exit it with :q, without <!>.<br>
When undoing a few changes and then making a new change Vim will<br>
create a branch in the undo tree. This means you can go back to any<br>
state of the text, there is no risk of a change causing text to be<br>
lost forever. <a class="Identifier" href="undo.html#undo-tree">undo-tree</a><br>
The undo information is stored in a file when the <a class="Type" href="options.html#'undofile'">'undofile'</a> option is<br>
set. This means you can exit Vim, start Vim on a previously edited<br>
file and undo changes that were made before exiting Vim.<br>
<br>
Graphical User Interface (GUI). <a class="Identifier" href="gui.html#gui">gui</a><br>
Included support for GUI: menu's, mouse, scrollbars, etc. You can<br>
define your own menus. Better support for CTRL/SHIFT/ALT keys in<br>
combination with special keys and mouse. Supported for various<br>
platforms, such as X11 (with Motif and Athena interfaces), GTK, Win32<br>
(Windows 95 and later), BeOS, Amiga and Macintosh.<br>
<br>
Multiple windows and buffers. <a class="Identifier" href="windows.html">windows.txt</a><br>
Vim can split the screen into several windows, each editing a<br>
different buffer or the same buffer at a different location. Buffers<br>
can still be loaded (and changed) but not displayed in a window. This<br>
is called a hidden buffer. Many commands and options have been added<br>
for this facility.<br>
Vim can also use multiple tab pages, each with one or more windows. A<br>
line with tab labels can be used to quickly switch between these pages.<br>
<a class="Identifier" href="tabpage.html#tab-page">tab-page</a><br>
<br>
Syntax highlighting. <a class="Identifier" href="syntax.html#:syntax">:syntax</a><br>
Vim can highlight keywords, patterns and other things. This is<br>
defined by a number of <a class="Identifier" href="syntax.html#:syntax">:syntax</a> commands, and can be made to<br>
highlight most languages and file types. A number of files are<br>
included for highlighting the most common languages, like C, C++,<br>
Java, Pascal, Makefiles, shell scripts, etc. The colors used for<br>
highlighting can be defined for ordinary terminals, color terminals<br>
and the GUI with the <a class="Identifier" href="syntax.html#:highlight">:highlight</a> command. A convenient way to do<br>
this is using a <a class="Identifier" href="syntax.html#:colorscheme">:colorscheme</a> command.<br>
The highlighted text can be exported as HTML. <a class="Identifier" href="syntax.html#convert-to-HTML">convert-to-HTML</a><br>
Other items that can be highlighted are matches with the search string<br>
<a class="Identifier" href="options.html#'hlsearch'">'hlsearch'</a>, matching parens <a class="Identifier" href="pi_paren.html#matchparen">matchparen</a> and the cursor line and<br>
column <a class="Identifier" href="options.html#'cursorline'">'cursorline'</a> <a class="Identifier" href="options.html#'cursorcolumn'">'cursorcolumn'</a>.<br>
<br>
Spell checking. <a class="Identifier" href="spell.html#spell">spell</a><br>
When the <a class="Type" href="options.html#'spell'">'spell'</a> option is set Vim will highlight spelling mistakes.<br>
About 50 languages are currently supported, selected with the<br>
<a class="Type" href="options.html#'spelllang'">'spelllang'</a> option. In source code only comments and strings are<br>
checked for spelling.<br>
<br>
Folding. <a class="Identifier" href="fold.html#folding">folding</a><br>
A range of lines can be shown as one "folded" line. This allows<br>
overviewing a file and moving blocks of text around quickly.<br>
Folds can be created manually, from the syntax of the file, by indent,<br>
etc.<br>
<br>
Diff mode. <a class="Identifier" href="diff.html#diff">diff</a><br>
Vim can show two versions of a file with the differences highlighted.<br>
Parts of the text that are equal are folded away. Commands can be<br>
used to move text from one version to the other.<br>
<br>
Plugins. <a class="Identifier" href="usr_05.html#add-plugin">add-plugin</a><br>
The functionality can be extended by dropping a plugin file in the<br>
right directory. That's an easy way to start using Vim scripts<br>
written by others. Plugins can be for all kind of files, or<br>
specifically for a filetype.<br>
Packages make this even easier. <a class="Identifier" href="repeat.html#packages">packages</a><br>
<br>
Asynchronous communication and timers. <a class="Identifier" href="channel.html#channel">channel</a> <a class="Identifier" href="channel.html#job">job</a> <a class="Identifier" href="eval.html#timer">timer</a><br>
Vim can exchange messages with other processes in the background.<br>
This makes it possible to have servers do work and send back the<br>
results to Vim. <a class="Identifier" href="channel.html#channel">channel</a><br>
Vim can start a job, communicate with it and stop it. <a class="Identifier" href="channel.html#job">job</a><br>
Timers can fire once or repeatedly and invoke a function to do any<br>
work. <a class="Identifier" href="eval.html#timer">timer</a><br>
<br>
Repeat a series of commands. <a class="Identifier" href="repeat.html#q">q</a><br>
"q<span class="Special">{c}</span>" starts recording typed characters into named register <span class="Special">{c}</span>.<br>
A subsequent "q" stops recording. The register can then be executed<br>
with the "@<span class="Special">{c}</span>" command. This is very useful to repeat a complex<br>
action.<br>
<br>
Flexible insert mode. <a class="Identifier" href="insert.html#ins-special-special">ins-special-special</a><br>
The arrow keys can be used in insert mode to move around in the file.<br>
This breaks the insert in two parts as far as undo and redo is<br>
concerned.<br>
<br>
<span class="Special">CTRL-O</span> can be used to execute a single Normal mode command. This is<br>
almost the same as hitting <span class="Special"><Esc></span>, typing the command and doing <a class="Identifier" href="insert.html#a">a</a>.<br>
<br>
Visual mode. <a class="Identifier" href="visual.html#Visual-mode">Visual-mode</a><br>
Visual mode can be used to first highlight a piece of text and then<br>
give a command to do something with it. This is an (easy to use)<br>
alternative to first giving the operator and then moving to the end of<br>
the text to be operated upon.<br>
<a class="Identifier" href="visual.html#v">v</a> and <a class="Identifier" href="visual.html#V">V</a> are used to start Visual mode. <a class="Identifier" href="visual.html#v">v</a> works on characters<br>
and <a class="Identifier" href="visual.html#V">V</a> on lines. Move the cursor to extend the Visual area. It is<br>
shown highlighted on the screen. By typing "o" the other end of the<br>
Visual area can be moved. The Visual area can be affected by an<br>
operator:<br>
d delete<br>
c change<br>
y yank<br>
> or < insert or delete indent<br>
! filter through external program<br>
= filter through indent<br>
: start <a class="Identifier" href="cmdline.html#:">:</a> command for the Visual lines.<br>
gq format text to <a class="Type" href="options.html#'textwidth'">'textwidth'</a> columns<br>
J join lines<br>
~ swap case<br>
u make lowercase<br>
U make uppercase<br>
<br>
Block operators. <a class="Identifier" href="visual.html#visual-block">visual-block</a><br>
With Visual mode a rectangular block of text can be selected. Start<br>
Visual mode with <span class="Special">CTRL-V</span>. The block can be deleted ("d"), yanked ("y")<br>
or its case can be changed ("~", "u" and "U"). A deleted or yanked<br>
block can be put into the text with the "p" and "P" commands.<br>
<br>
Help system. <a class="Identifier" href="helphelp.html#:help">:help</a><br>
Help is displayed in a window. The usual commands can be used to<br>
move around, search for a string, etc. Tags can be used to jump<br>
around in the help files, just like hypertext links. The <a class="Identifier" href="helphelp.html#:help">:help</a><br>
command takes an argument to quickly jump to the info on a subject.<br>
<span class="Special"><F1></span> is the quick access to the help system. The name of the help<br>
index file can be set with the <a class="Type" href="options.html#'helpfile'">'helpfile'</a> option.<br>
<br>
Command-line editing and history. <a class="Identifier" href="cmdline.html#cmdline-editing">cmdline-editing</a><br>
You can insert or delete at any place in the command-line using the<br>
cursor keys. The right/left cursor keys can be used to move<br>
forward/backward one character. The shifted right/left cursor keys<br>
can be used to move forward/backward one word. <span class="Special">CTRL-B</span>/<span class="Special">CTRL-E</span> can be<br>
used to go to the begin/end of the command-line.<br>
<a class="Identifier" href="cmdline.html#cmdline-history">cmdline-history</a><br>
The command-lines are remembered. The up/down cursor keys can be used<br>
to recall previous command-lines. The <a class="Type" href="options.html#'history'">'history'</a> option can be set to<br>
the number of lines that will be remembered. There is a separate<br>
history for commands and for search patterns.<br>
<br>
Command-line completion. <a class="Identifier" href="cmdline.html#cmdline-completion">cmdline-completion</a><br>
While entering a command-line (on the bottom line of the screen)<br>
<span class="Special"><Tab></span> can be typed to complete<br>
<span class="PreProc">what example </span><br>
- command :e<span class="Special"><Tab></span><br>
- tag :ta scr<span class="Special"><Tab></span><br>
- option :set sc<span class="Special"><Tab></span><br>
- option value :set hf=<span class="Special"><Tab></span><br>
- file name :e ve<span class="Special"><Tab></span><br>
- etc.<br>
<br>
If there are multiple matches, <span class="Special">CTRL-N</span> (next) and <span class="Special">CTRL-P</span> (previous)<br>
will walk through the matches. <span class="Special"><Tab></span> works like <span class="Special">CTRL-N</span>, but wraps<br>
around to the first match.<br>
<br>
The <a class="Type" href="options.html#'wildchar'">'wildchar'</a> option can be set to the character for command-line<br>
completion, <span class="Special"><Tab></span> is the default. <span class="Special">CTRL-D</span> can be typed after an<br>
(incomplete) wildcard; all matches will be listed. <span class="Special">CTRL-A</span> will insert<br>
all matches. <span class="Special">CTRL-L</span> will insert the longest common part of the<br>
matches.<br>
<br>
Insert-mode completion. <a class="Identifier" href="insert.html#ins-completion">ins-completion</a><br>
In Insert mode the <span class="Special">CTRL-N</span> and <span class="Special">CTRL-P</span> keys can be used to complete a<br>
word that appears elsewhere. <a class="Identifier" href="insert.html#i_CTRL-N">i_CTRL-N</a><br>
With <span class="Special">CTRL-X</span> another mode is entered, through which completion can be<br>
done for:<br>
<a class="Identifier" href="insert.html#i_CTRL-X_CTRL-F">i_CTRL-X_CTRL-F</a> file names<br>
<a class="Identifier" href="insert.html#i_CTRL-X_CTRL-K">i_CTRL-X_CTRL-K</a> words from <a class="Type" href="options.html#'dictionary'">'dictionary'</a> files<br>
<a class="Identifier" href="insert.html#i_CTRL-X_CTRL-T">i_CTRL-X_CTRL-T</a> words from <a class="Type" href="options.html#'thesaurus'">'thesaurus'</a> files<br>
<a class="Identifier" href="insert.html#i_CTRL-X_CTRL-I">i_CTRL-X_CTRL-I</a> words from included files<br>
<a class="Identifier" href="insert.html#i_CTRL-X_CTRL-L">i_CTRL-X_CTRL-L</a> whole lines<br>
<a class="Identifier" href="insert.html#i_CTRL-X_CTRL-]">i_CTRL-X_CTRL-]</a> words from the tags file<br>
<a class="Identifier" href="insert.html#i_CTRL-X_CTRL-D">i_CTRL-X_CTRL-D</a> definitions or macros<br>
<a class="Identifier" href="insert.html#i_CTRL-X_CTRL-O">i_CTRL-X_CTRL-O</a> Omni completion: clever completion<br>
specifically for a file type<br>
etc.<br>
<br>
Long line support. <a class="Identifier" href="options.html#'wrap'">'wrap'</a> <a class="Identifier" href="options.html#'linebreak'">'linebreak'</a><br>
If the <a class="Type" href="options.html#'wrap'">'wrap'</a> option is off, long lines will not wrap and only part<br>
of them will be shown. When the cursor is moved to a part that is not<br>
shown, the screen will scroll horizontally. The minimum number of<br>
columns to scroll can be set with the <a class="Type" href="options.html#'sidescroll'">'sidescroll'</a> option. The <a class="Identifier" href="scroll.html#zh">zh</a><br>
and <a class="Identifier" href="scroll.html#zl">zl</a> commands can be used to scroll sideways.<br>
Alternatively, long lines are broken in between words when the<br>
<a class="Type" href="options.html#'linebreak'">'linebreak'</a> option is set. This allows editing a single-line<br>
paragraph conveniently (e.g. when the text is later read into a DTP<br>
program). Move the cursor up/down with the <a class="Identifier" href="motion.html#gk">gk</a> and <a class="Identifier" href="motion.html#gj">gj</a> commands.<br>
<br>
Text formatting. <a class="Identifier" href="change.html#formatting">formatting</a><br>
The <a class="Type" href="options.html#'textwidth'">'textwidth'</a> option can be used to automatically limit the line<br>
length. This supplements the <a class="Type" href="options.html#'wrapmargin'">'wrapmargin'</a> option of Vi, which was not<br>
very useful. The <a class="Identifier" href="change.html#gq">gq</a> operator can be used to format a piece of text<br>
(for example, <a class="Identifier" href="change.html#gqap">gqap</a> formats the current paragraph). Commands for<br>
text alignment: <a class="Identifier" href="change.html#:center">:center</a>, <a class="Identifier" href="change.html#:left">:left</a> and <a class="Identifier" href="change.html#:right">:right</a>.<br>
<br>
Extended search patterns. <a class="Identifier" href="pattern.html#pattern">pattern</a><br>
There are many extra items to match various text items. Examples:<br>
A "\n" can be used in a search pattern to match a line break.<br>
"x\<span class="Special">{2,4}</span>" matches "x" 2 to 4 times.<br>
"\s" matches a white space character.<br>
<br>
Directory, remote and archive browsing. <a class="Identifier" href="pi_netrw.html#netrw">netrw</a><br>
Vim can browse the file system. Simply edit a directory. Move around<br>
in the list with the usual commands and press <span class="Special"><Enter></span> to go to the<br>
directory or file under the cursor.<br>
This also works for remote files over ftp, http, ssh, etc.<br>
Zip and tar archives can also be browsed. <a class="Identifier" href="pi_tar.html#tar">tar</a> <a class="Identifier" href="pi_zip.html#zip">zip</a><br>
<br>
Edit-compile-edit speedup. <a class="Identifier" href="quickfix.html#quickfix">quickfix</a><br>
The <a class="Identifier" href="quickfix.html#:make">:make</a> command can be used to run the compilation and jump to the<br>
first error. A file with compiler error messages is interpreted. Vim<br>
jumps to the first error.<br>
<br>
Each line in the error file is scanned for the name of a file, line<br>
number and error message. The <a class="Type" href="options.html#'errorformat'">'errorformat'</a> option can be set to a<br>
list of scanf-like strings to handle output from many compilers.<br>
<br>
The <a class="Identifier" href="quickfix.html#:cn">:cn</a> command can be used to jump to the next error.<br>
<a class="Identifier" href="quickfix.html#:cl">:cl</a> lists all the error messages. Other commands are available.<br>
The <a class="Type" href="options.html#'makeef'">'makeef'</a> option has the name of the file with error messages.<br>
The <a class="Type" href="options.html#'makeprg'">'makeprg'</a> option contains the name of the program to be executed<br>
with the <a class="Identifier" href="quickfix.html#:make">:make</a> command.<br>
The <a class="Type" href="options.html#'shellpipe'">'shellpipe'</a> option contains the string to be used to put the<br>
output of the compiler into the errorfile.<br>
<br>
Finding matches in files. <a class="Identifier" href="quickfix.html#:vimgrep">:vimgrep</a><br>
Vim can search for a pattern in multiple files. This uses the<br>
advanced Vim regexp pattern, works on all systems and also works to<br>
search in compressed files.<br>
<br>
Improved indenting for programs. <a class="Identifier" href="options.html#'cindent'">'cindent'</a><br>
When the <a class="Type" href="options.html#'cindent'">'cindent'</a> option is on the indent of each line is<br>
automatically adjusted. C syntax is mostly recognized. The indent<br>
for various styles can be set with <a class="Type" href="options.html#'cinoptions'">'cinoptions'</a>. The keys to trigger<br>
indenting can be set with <a class="Type" href="options.html#'cinkeys'">'cinkeys'</a>.<br>
<br>
Comments can be automatically formatted. The <a class="Type" href="options.html#'comments'">'comments'</a> option can be<br>
set to the characters that start and end a comment. This works best<br>
for C code, but also works for e-mail (">" at start of the line) and<br>
other types of text. The <a class="Identifier" href="change.html#=">=</a> operator can be used to re-indent<br>
lines.<br>
<br>
For many other languages an indent plugin is present to support<br>
automatic indenting. <a class="Identifier" href="usr_30.html#30.3">30.3</a><br>
<br>
Searching for words in included files. <a class="Identifier" href="tagsrch.html#include-search">include-search</a><br>
The <a class="Identifier" href="tagsrch.html#[i">[i</a> command can be used to search for a match of the word under<br>
the cursor in the current and included files. The <a class="Type" href="options.html#'include'">'include'</a> option<br>
can be set to a pattern that describes a command to include a file<br>
(the default is for C programs).<br>
The <a class="Identifier" href="tagsrch.html#[I">[I</a> command lists all matches, the <a class="Identifier" href="tagsrch.html#[_CTRL-I">[_CTRL-I</a> command jumps to<br>
a match.<br>
The <a class="Identifier" href="tagsrch.html#[d">[d</a>, <a class="Identifier" href="tagsrch.html#[D">[D</a> and <a class="Identifier" href="tagsrch.html#[_CTRL-D">[_CTRL-D</a> commands do the same, but only for<br>
lines where the pattern given with the <a class="Type" href="options.html#'define'">'define'</a> option matches.<br>
<br>
Automatic commands. <a class="Identifier" href="autocmd.html#autocommand">autocommand</a><br>
Commands can be automatically executed when reading a file, writing a<br>
file, jumping to another buffer, etc., depending on the file name.<br>
This is useful to set options and mappings for C programs,<br>
documentation, plain text, e-mail, etc. This also makes it possible<br>
to edit compressed files.<br>
<br>
Scripts and Expressions. <a class="Identifier" href="eval.html#expression">expression</a><br>
Commands have been added to form up a powerful script language.<br>
<a class="Identifier" href="eval.html#:if">:if</a> Conditional execution, which can be used for example<br>
to set options depending on the value of $TERM.<br>
<a class="Identifier" href="eval.html#:while">:while</a> Repeat a number of commands.<br>
<a class="Identifier" href="eval.html#:for">:for</a> Loop over a list.<br>
<a class="Identifier" href="eval.html#:echo">:echo</a> Print the result of an expression.<br>
<a class="Identifier" href="eval.html#:let">:let</a> Assign a value to an internal variable, option, etc.<br>
Variable types are Number, String, List and Dictionary.<br>
<a class="Identifier" href="eval.html#:execute">:execute</a> Execute a command formed by an expression.<br>
<a class="Identifier" href="eval.html#:try">:try</a> Catch exceptions.<br>
etc., etc. See <a class="Identifier" href="eval.html#eval">eval</a>.<br>
Debugging and profiling are supported. <a class="Identifier" href="repeat.html#debug-scripts">debug-scripts</a> <a class="Identifier" href="repeat.html#profile">profile</a><br>
If this is not enough, an interface is provided to <a class="Identifier" href="if_pyth.html#Python">Python</a>, <a class="Identifier" href="if_ruby.html#Ruby">Ruby</a>,<br>
<a class="Identifier" href="if_tcl.html#Tcl">Tcl</a>, <a class="Identifier" href="if_lua.html#Lua">Lua</a>, <a class="Identifier" href="if_perl.html#Perl">Perl</a> and <a class="Identifier" href="if_mzsch.html#MzScheme">MzScheme</a>.<br>
<br>
Viminfo. <a class="Identifier" href="starting.html#viminfo-file">viminfo-file</a><br>
The command-line history, marks and registers can be stored in a file<br>
that is read on startup. This can be used to repeat a search command<br>
or command-line command after exiting and restarting Vim. It is also<br>
possible to jump right back to where the last edit stopped with <a class="Identifier" href="motion.html#'0">'0</a>.<br>
The <a class="Type" href="options.html#'viminfo'">'viminfo'</a> option can be set to select which items to store in the<br>
.viminfo file. This is off by default.<br>
<br>
Printing. <a class="Identifier" href="print.html#printing">printing</a><br>
The <a class="Identifier" href="print.html#:hardcopy">:hardcopy</a> command sends text to the printer. This can include<br>
syntax highlighting.<br>
<br>
Mouse support. <a class="Identifier" href="term.html#mouse-using">mouse-using</a><br>
The mouse is supported in the GUI version, in an xterm for Unix, for<br>
BSDs with sysmouse, for Linux with gpm, for MS-DOS, and Win32. It<br>
can be used to position the cursor, select the visual area, paste a<br>
register, etc.<br>
<br>
Usage of key names. <a class="Identifier" href="intro.html#<>"><></a> <a class="Identifier" href="intro.html#key-notation">key-notation</a><br>
Special keys now all have a name like <span class="Special"><Up></span>, <span class="Special"><End></span>, etc.<br>
This name can be used in mappings, to make it easy to edit them.<br>
<br>
Editing binary files. <a class="Identifier" href="editing.html#edit-binary">edit-binary</a><br>
Vim can edit binary files. You can change a few characters in an<br>
executable file, without corrupting it. Vim doesn't remove NUL<br>
characters (they are represented as <span class="Special"><NL></span> internally).<br>
<a class="Identifier" href="starting.html#-b">-b</a> command-line argument to start editing a binary file<br>
<a class="Identifier" href="options.html#'binary'">'binary'</a> Option set by <a class="Identifier" href="starting.html#-b">-b</a>. Prevents adding an <span class="Special"><EOL></span> for the<br>
last line in the file.<br>
<br>
Multi-language support. <a class="Identifier" href="mlang.html#multi-lang">multi-lang</a><br>
Files in double-byte or multi-byte encodings can be edited. There is<br>
UTF-8 support to be able to edit various languages at the same time,<br>
without switching fonts. <a class="Identifier" href="mbyte.html#UTF-8">UTF-8</a><br>
Messages and menus are available in different languages.<br>
<br>
Move cursor beyond lines.<br>
When the <a class="Type" href="options.html#'virtualedit'">'virtualedit'</a> option is set the cursor can move all over the<br>
screen, also where there is no text. This is useful to edit tables<br>
and figures easily.<br>
<br>
<span class="PreProc">==============================================================================</span><br>
5. Other vim features <a class="Constant" href="vi_diff.html#other-features" name="other-features">other-features</a><br>
<br>
A random collection of nice extra features.<br>
<br>
<br>
When Vim is started with "-s scriptfile", the characters read from<br>
"scriptfile" are treated as if you typed them. If end of file is reached<br>
before the editor exits, further characters are read from the console.<br>
<br>
The "-w" option can be used to record all typed characters in a script file.<br>
This file can then be used to redo the editing, possibly on another file or<br>
after changing some commands in the script file.<br>
<br>
The "-o" option opens a window for each argument. "-o4" opens four windows.<br>
<br>
Vi requires several termcap entries to be able to work full-screen. Vim only<br>
requires the "cm" entry (cursor motion).<br>
<br>
<br>
In command mode:<br>
<br>
When the <a class="Type" href="options.html#'showcmd'">'showcmd'</a> option is set, the command characters are shown in the last<br>
line of the screen. They are removed when the command is finished.<br>
<br>
If the <a class="Type" href="options.html#'ruler'">'ruler'</a> option is set, the current cursor position is shown in the<br>
last line of the screen.<br>
<br>
"U" still works after having moved off the last changed line and after "u".<br>
<br>
Characters with the 8th bit set are displayed. The characters between '~' and<br>
0xa0 are displayed as "~?", "~@", "~A", etc., unless they are included in the<br>
<a class="Type" href="options.html#'isprint'">'isprint'</a> option.<br>
<br>
"][" goes to the next ending of a C function ('}' in column 1).<br>
"[]" goes to the previous ending of a C function ('}' in column 1).<br>
<br>
"]f", "[f" and "gf" start editing the file whose name is under the cursor.<br>
<span class="Special">CTRL-W</span> f splits the window and starts editing the file whose name is under<br>
the cursor.<br>
<br>
"*" searches forward for the identifier under the cursor, "#" backward.<br>
"K" runs the program defined by the <a class="Type" href="options.html#'keywordprg'">'keywordprg'</a> option, with the identifier<br>
under the cursor as argument.<br>
<br>
"%" can be preceded with a count. The cursor jumps to the line that<br>
percentage down in the file. The normal "%" function to jump to the matching<br>
brace skips braces inside quotes.<br>
<br>
With the <span class="Special">CTRL-]</span> command, the cursor may be in the middle of the identifier.<br>
<br>
The used tags are remembered. Commands that can be used with the tag stack<br>
are <span class="Special">CTRL-T</span>, ":pop" and ":tag". ":tags" lists the tag stack.<br>
<br>
The <a class="Type" href="options.html#'tags'">'tags'</a> option can be set to a list of tag file names. Thus multiple<br>
tag files can be used. For file names that start with "./", the "./" is<br>
replaced with the path of the current file. This makes it possible to use a<br>
tags file in the same directory as the file being edited.<br>
<br>
Previously used file names are remembered in the alternate file name list.<br>
<span class="Special">CTRL-^</span> accepts a count, which is an index in this list.<br>
":files" command shows the list of alternate file names.<br>
"#<span class="Special"><N></span>" is replaced with the <span class="Special"><N></span>th alternate file name in the list.<br>
"#<" is replaced with the current file name without extension.<br>
<br>
Search patterns have more features. The <span class="Special"><NL></span> character is seen as part of the<br>
search pattern and the substitute string of ":s". Vi sees it as the end of<br>
the command.<br>
<br>
Searches can put the cursor on the end of a match and may include a character<br>
offset.<br>
<br>
Count added to "~", ":next", ":Next", "n" and "<span class="Special">N</span>".<br>
<br>
The command ":next!" with <a class="Type" href="options.html#'autowrite'">'autowrite'</a> set does not write the file. In vi the<br>
file was written, but this is considered to be a bug, because one does not<br>
expect it and the file is not written with ":rewind!".<br>
<br>
In Vi when entering a <span class="Special"><CR></span> in replace mode deletes a character only when <a class="Type" href="options.html#'ai'">'ai'</a><br>
is set (but does not show it until you hit <span class="Special"><Esc></span>). Vim always deletes a<br>
character (and shows it immediately).<br>
<br>
Added :wnext command. Same as ":write" followed by ":next".<br>
<br>
The ":w!" command always writes, also when the file is write protected. In Vi<br>
you would have to do ":!chmod +w %:S" and ":set noro".<br>
<br>
When <a class="Type" href="options.html#'tildeop'">'tildeop'</a> has been set, "~" is an operator (must be followed by a<br>
movement command).<br>
<br>
With the "J" (join) command you can reset the <a class="Type" href="options.html#'joinspaces'">'joinspaces'</a> option to have only<br>
one space after a period (Vi inserts two spaces).<br>
<br>
"cw" can be used to change white space formed by several characters (Vi is<br>
confusing: "cw" only changes one space, while "dw" deletes all white space).<br>
<br>
"o" and "O" accept a count for repeating the insert (Vi clears a part of<br>
display).<br>
<br>
Flags after Ex commands not supported (no plans to include it).<br>
<br>
On non-UNIX systems ":cd" command shows current directory instead of going to<br>
the home directory (there isn't one). ":pwd" prints the current directory on<br>
all systems.<br>
<br>
After a ":cd" command the file names (in the argument list, opened files)<br>
still point to the same files. In Vi ":cd" is not allowed in a changed file;<br>
otherwise the meaning of file names change.<br>
<br>
":source!" command reads Vi commands from a file.<br>
<br>
":mkexrc" command writes current modified options and mappings to a ".exrc"<br>
file. ":mkvimrc" writes to a ".vimrc" file.<br>
<br>
No check for "tail recursion" with mappings. This allows things like<br>
":map! foo ^]foo".<br>
<br>
When a mapping starts with number, vi loses the count typed before it (e.g.<br>
when using the mapping ":map g 4G" the command "7g" goes to line 4). This is<br>
considered a vi bug. Vim concatenates the counts (in the example it becomes<br>
"74G"), as most people would expect.<br>
<br>
The :put! command inserts the contents of a register above the current line.<br>
<br>
The "p" and "P" commands of vi cannot be repeated with "." when the putted<br>
text is less than a line. In Vim they can always be repeated.<br>
<br>
":noremap" command can be used to enter a mapping that will not be remapped.<br>
This is useful to exchange the meaning of two keys. ":cmap", ":cunmap" and<br>
":cnoremap" can be used for mapping in command-line editing only. ":imap",<br>
":iunmap" and ":inoremap" can be used for mapping in insert mode only.<br>
Similar commands exist for abbreviations: ":noreabbrev", ":iabbrev"<br>
":cabbrev", ":iunabbrev", ":cunabbrev", ":inoreabbrev", ":cnoreabbrev".<br>
<br>
In Vi the command ":map foo bar" would remove a previous mapping<br>
":map bug foo". This is considered a bug, so it is not included in Vim.<br>
":unmap! foo" does remove ":map! bug foo", because unmapping would be very<br>
difficult otherwise (this is vi compatible).<br>
<br>
The ':' register contains the last command-line.<br>
The '%' register contains the current file name.<br>
The '.' register contains the last inserted text.<br>
<br>
":dis" command shows the contents of the yank registers.<br>
<br>
<span class="Special">CTRL-O</span>/<span class="Special">CTRL-I</span> can be used to jump to older/newer positions. These are the<br>
same positions as used with the '' command, but may be in another file. The<br>
":jumps" command lists the older positions.<br>
<br>
If the <a class="Type" href="options.html#'shiftround'">'shiftround'</a> option is set, an indent is rounded to a multiple of<br>
<a class="Type" href="options.html#'shiftwidth'">'shiftwidth'</a> with ">" and "<" commands.<br>
<br>
The <a class="Type" href="options.html#'scrolljump'">'scrolljump'</a> option can be set to the minimum number of lines to scroll<br>
when the cursor gets off the screen. Use this when scrolling is slow.<br>
<br>
The <a class="Type" href="options.html#'scrolloff'">'scrolloff'</a> option can be set to the minimum number of lines to keep<br>
above and below the cursor. This gives some context to where you are<br>
editing. When set to a large number the cursor line is always in the middle<br>
of the window.<br>
<br>
Uppercase marks can be used to jump between files. The ":marks" command lists<br>
all currently set marks. The commands "']" and "`]" jump to the end of the<br>
previous operator or end of the text inserted with the put command. "'[" and<br>
"`[" do jump to the start.<br>
<br>
The <a class="Type" href="options.html#'shelltype'">'shelltype'</a> option can be set to reflect the type of shell used on the<br>
Amiga.<br>
<br>
The <a class="Type" href="options.html#'highlight'">'highlight'</a> option can be set for the highlight mode to be used for<br>
several commands.<br>
<br>
The <span class="Special">CTRL-A</span> (add) and <span class="Special">CTRL-X</span> (subtract) commands are new. The count to the<br>
command (default 1) is added to/subtracted from the number at or after the<br>
cursor. That number may be decimal, octal (starts with a '0') or hexadecimal<br>
(starts with '0x'). Very useful in macros.<br>
<br>
With the :set command the prefix "inv" can be used to invert boolean options.<br>
<br>
In both Vi and Vim you can create a line break with the ":substitute" command<br>
by using a <span class="Special">CTRL-M</span>. For Vi this means you cannot insert a real <span class="Special">CTRL-M</span> in the<br>
text. With Vim you can put a real <span class="Special">CTRL-M</span> in the text by preceding it with a<br>
<span class="Special">CTRL-V</span>.<br>
<br>
<br>
In Insert mode:<br>
<br>
If the <a class="Type" href="options.html#'revins'">'revins'</a> option is set, insert happens backwards. This is for typing<br>
Hebrew. When inserting normal characters the cursor will not be shifted and<br>
the text moves rightwards. Backspace, <span class="Special">CTRL-W</span> and <span class="Special">CTRL-U</span> will also work in<br>
the opposite direction. <span class="Special">CTRL-B</span> toggles the <a class="Type" href="options.html#'revins'">'revins'</a> option. In replace mode<br>
<a class="Type" href="options.html#'revins'">'revins'</a> has no effect. Only when enabled at compile time.<br>
<br>
The backspace key can be used just like <span class="Special">CTRL-D</span> to remove auto-indents.<br>
<br>
You can backspace, <span class="Special">CTRL-U</span> and <span class="Special">CTRL-W</span> over line breaks if the <a class="Type" href="options.html#'backspace'">'backspace'</a> (bs)<br>
option includes "eol". You can backspace over the start of insert if the<br>
<a class="Type" href="options.html#'backspace'">'backspace'</a> option includes "start".<br>
<br>
When the <a class="Type" href="options.html#'paste'">'paste'</a> option is set, a few options are reset and mapping in insert<br>
mode and abbreviation are disabled. This allows for pasting text in windowing<br>
systems without unexpected results. When the <a class="Type" href="options.html#'paste'">'paste'</a> option is reset, the old<br>
option values are restored.<br>
<br>
<span class="Special">CTRL-T</span>/<span class="Special">CTRL-D</span> always insert/delete an indent in the current line, no matter<br>
what column the cursor is in.<br>
<br>
<span class="Special">CTRL-@</span> (insert previously inserted text) works always (Vi: only when typed as<br>
first character).<br>
<br>
<span class="Special">CTRL-A</span> works like <span class="Special">CTRL-@</span> but does not leave insert mode.<br>
<br>
<span class="Special">CTRL-R</span> <span class="Special">{0-9a-z..}</span> can be used to insert the contents of a register.<br>
<br>
When the <a class="Type" href="options.html#'smartindent'">'smartindent'</a> option is set, C programs will be better auto-indented.<br>
With <a class="Type" href="options.html#'cindent'">'cindent'</a> even more.<br>
<br>
<span class="Special">CTRL-Y</span> and <span class="Special">CTRL-E</span> can be used to copy a character from above/below the<br>
current cursor position.<br>
<br>
After <span class="Special">CTRL-V</span> you can enter a three digit decimal number. This byte value is<br>
inserted in the text as a single character. Useful for international<br>
characters that are not on your keyboard.<br>
<br>
When the <a class="Type" href="options.html#'expandtab'">'expandtab'</a> (et) option is set, a <span class="Special"><Tab></span> is expanded to the<br>
appropriate number of spaces.<br>
<br>
The window always reflects the contents of the buffer (Vi does not do this<br>
when changing text and in some other cases).<br>
<br>
If Vim is compiled with DIGRAPHS defined, digraphs are supported. A set of<br>
normal digraphs is included. They are shown with the ":digraph" command.<br>
More can be added with ":digraph <span class="Special">{char1}{char2}</span> <span class="Special">{number}</span>". A digraph is<br>
entered with "<span class="Special">CTRL-K</span> <span class="Special">{char1}</span> <span class="Special">{char2}</span>" or "<span class="Special">{char1}</span> BS <span class="Special">{char2}</span>" (only when<br>
<a class="Type" href="options.html#'digraph'">'digraph'</a> option is set).<br>
<br>
When repeating an insert, e.g. "10atest <span class="Special"><Esc></span>" vi would only handle wrapmargin<br>
for the first insert. Vim does it for all.<br>
<br>
A count to the "i" or "a" command is used for all the text. Vi uses the count<br>
only for one line. "3iabc<span class="Special"><NL></span>def<span class="Special"><Esc></span>" would insert "abcabcabc<span class="Special"><NL></span>def" in Vi<br>
but "abc<span class="Special"><NL></span>defabc<span class="Special"><NL></span>defabc<span class="Special"><NL></span>def" in Vim.<br>
<br>
<br>
In Command-line mode:<br>
<br>
<span class="Special"><Esc></span> terminates the command-line without executing it. In vi the command<br>
line would be executed, which is not what most people expect (hitting <span class="Special"><Esc></span><br>
should always get you back to command mode). To avoid problems with some<br>
obscure macros, an <span class="Special"><Esc></span> in a macro will execute the command. If you want a<br>
typed <span class="Special"><Esc></span> to execute the command like vi does you can fix this with<br>
":cmap ^V<span class="Special"><Esc></span> ^V<span class="Special"><CR></span>"<br>
<br>
General:<br>
<br>
The <a class="Type" href="options.html#'ttimeout'">'ttimeout'</a> option is like <a class="Type" href="options.html#'timeout'">'timeout'</a>, but only works for cursor and<br>
function keys, not for ordinary mapped characters. The <a class="Type" href="options.html#'timeoutlen'">'timeoutlen'</a> option<br>
gives the number of milliseconds that is waited for. If the <a class="Type" href="options.html#'esckeys'">'esckeys'</a> option<br>
is not set, cursor and function keys that start with <span class="Special"><Esc></span> are not recognized<br>
in insert mode.<br>
<br>
There is an option for each terminal string. Can be used when termcap is not<br>
supported or to change individual strings.<br>
<br>
The <a class="Type" href="options.html#'fileformat'">'fileformat'</a> option can be set to select the <span class="Special"><EOL></span>: "dos" <span class="Special"><CR><NL></span>, "unix"<br>
<span class="Special"><NL></span> or "mac" <span class="Special"><CR></span>.<br>
When the <a class="Type" href="options.html#'fileformats'">'fileformats'</a> option is not empty, Vim tries to detect the type of<br>
<span class="Special"><EOL></span> automatically. The <a class="Type" href="options.html#'fileformat'">'fileformat'</a> option is set accordingly.<br>
<br>
On systems that have no job control (older Unix systems and non-Unix systems)<br>
the <span class="Special">CTRL-Z</span>, ":stop" or ":suspend" command starts a new shell.<br>
<br>
If Vim is started on the Amiga without an interactive window for output, a<br>
window is opened (and :sh still works). You can give a device to use for<br>
editing with the <a class="Identifier" href="starting.html#-d">-d</a> argument, e.g. "-d con:20/20/600/150".<br>
<br>
The <a class="Type" href="options.html#'columns'">'columns'</a> and <a class="Type" href="options.html#'lines'">'lines'</a> options are used to set or get the width and height<br>
of the display.<br>
<br>
Option settings are read from the first and last few lines of the file.<br>
Option <a class="Type" href="options.html#'modelines'">'modelines'</a> determines how many lines are tried (default is 5). <span class="Todo">Note</span><br>
that this is different from the Vi versions that can execute any Ex command<br>
in a modeline (a major security problem). <a class="Identifier" href="starting.html#trojan-horse">trojan-horse</a><br>
<br>
If the <a class="Type" href="options.html#'insertmode'">'insertmode'</a> option is set (e.g. in .exrc), Vim starts in insert mode.<br>
And it comes back there, when pressing <span class="Special"><Esc></span>.<br>
<br>
Undo information is kept in memory. Available memory limits the number and<br>
size of change that can be undone. This may be a problem with MS-DOS, is<br>
hardly a problem on the Amiga and almost never with Unix and Win32.<br>
<br>
If the <a class="Type" href="options.html#'backup'">'backup'</a> or <a class="Type" href="options.html#'writebackup'">'writebackup'</a> option is set: Before a file is overwritten,<br>
a backup file (.bak) is made. If the "backup" option is set it is left<br>
behind.<br>
<br>
Vim creates a file ending in ".swp" to store parts of the file that have been<br>
changed or that do not fit in memory. This file can be used to recover from<br>
an aborted editing session with "vim -r file". Using the swap file can be<br>
switched off by setting the <a class="Type" href="options.html#'updatecount'">'updatecount'</a> option to 0 or starting Vim with<br>
the "-n" option. Use the <a class="Type" href="options.html#'directory'">'directory'</a> option for placing the .swp file<br>
somewhere else.<br>
<br>
Vim is able to work correctly on filesystems with 8.3 file names, also when<br>
using messydos or crossdos filesystems on the Amiga, or any 8.3 mounted<br>
filesystem under Unix. See <a class="Identifier" href="options.html#'shortname'">'shortname'</a>.<br>
<br>
Error messages are shown at least one second (Vi overwrites error messages).<br>
<br>
If Vim gives the <a class="Identifier" href="message.html#hit-enter">hit-enter</a> prompt, you can hit any key. Characters other<br>
than <span class="Special"><CR></span>, <span class="Special"><NL></span> and <span class="Special"><Space></span> are interpreted as the (start of) a command. (Vi<br>
only accepts a command starting with ':').<br>
<br>
The contents of the numbered and unnamed registers is remembered when<br>
changing files.<br>
<br>
The "No lines in buffer" message is a normal message instead of an error<br>
message, since that may cause a mapping to be aborted.<br>
<br>
The AUX: device of the Amiga is supported.<br>
<br>
<span class="PreProc">==============================================================================</span><br>
6. Command-line arguments <a class="Constant" href="vi_diff.html#cmdline-arguments" name="cmdline-arguments">cmdline-arguments</a><br>
<br>
Different versions of Vi have different command-line arguments. This can be<br>
confusing. To help you, this section gives an overview of the differences.<br>
<br>
Five variants of Vi will be considered here:<br>
Elvis Elvis version 2.1b<br>
Nvi Nvi version 1.79<br>
Posix Posix 1003.2<br>
Vi Vi version 3.7 (for Sun 4.1.x)<br>
Vile Vile version 7.4 (incomplete)<br>
Vim <span class="Identifier">Vim version 5.2</span><br>
<br>
Only Vim is able to accept options in between and after the file names.<br>
<br>
+<span class="Special">{command}</span> Elvis, Nvi, Posix, Vi, Vim: Same as "-c <span class="Special">{command}</span>".<br>
<br>
- Nvi, Posix, Vi: Run Ex in batch mode.<br>
Vim: Read file from stdin (use -s for batch mode).<br>
<br>
-- Vim: End of options, only file names are following.<br>
<br>
--cmd <span class="Special">{command}</span> Vim: execute <span class="Special">{command}</span> before sourcing vimrc files.<br>
<br>
--echo-wid Vim: GTK+ echoes the Window ID on stdout<br>
<br>
--help Vim: show help message and exit.<br>
<br>
--literal Vim: take file names literally, don't expand wildcards.<br>
<br>
--nofork Vim: same as <a class="Identifier" href="starting.html#-f">-f</a><br>
<br>
--noplugin[s] Vim: Skip loading plugins.<br>
<br>
--remote Vim: edit the files in another Vim server<br>
<br>
--remote-expr <span class="Special">{expr}</span> Vim: evaluate <span class="Special">{expr}</span> in another Vim server<br>
<br>
--remote-send <span class="Special">{keys}</span> Vim: send <span class="Special">{keys}</span> to a Vim server and exit<br>
<br>
--remote-silent <span class="Special">{file}</span> Vim: edit the files in another Vim server if possible<br>
<br>
--remote-wait Vim: edit the files in another Vim server and wait for it<br>
<br>
--remote-wait-silent Vim: like --remote-wait, no complaints if not possible<br>
<br>
--role <span class="Special">{role}</span> Vim: GTK+ 2: set role of main window<br>
<br>
--serverlist Vim: Output a list of Vim servers and exit<br>
<br>
--servername <span class="Special">{name}</span> Vim: Specify Vim server name<br>
<br>
--socketid <span class="Special">{id}</span> Vim: GTK window socket to run Vim in<br>
<br>
--windowid <span class="Special">{id}</span> Vim: Win32 window ID to run Vim in<br>
<br>
--version Vim: show version message and exit.<br>
<br>
-? Vile: print usage summary and exit.<br>
<br>
-a Elvis: Load all specified file names into a window (use -o for<br>
Vim).<br>
<br>
-A Vim: Start in Arabic mode (when compiled with Arabic).<br>
<br>
-b <span class="Special">{blksize}</span> Elvis: Use <span class="Special">{blksize}</span> blocksize for the session file.<br>
-b Vim: set <a class="Type" href="options.html#'binary'">'binary'</a> mode.<br>
<br>
-C Vim: Compatible mode.<br>
<br>
-c <span class="Special">{command}</span> Elvis, Nvi, Posix, Vim: run <span class="Special">{command}</span> as an Ex command after<br>
loading the edit buffer.<br>
Vim: allow up to 10 "-c" arguments<br>
<br>
-d <span class="Special">{device}</span> Vim: Use <span class="Special">{device}</span> for I/O (Amiga only). <span class="Special">{only when compiled</span><br>
<span class="Special">without the </span><a class="Identifier" href="various.html#+diff">+diff</a><span class="Special"> feature}</span><br>
-d Vim: start with <a class="Type" href="options.html#'diff'">'diff'</a> set. <a class="Identifier" href="diff.html#vimdiff">vimdiff</a><br>
<br>
-dev <span class="Special">{device}</span> Vim: Use <span class="Special">{device}</span> for I/O (Amiga only).<br>
<br>
-D Vim: debug mode.<br>
<br>
-e Elvis, Nvi, Vim: Start in Ex mode, as if the executable is<br>
called "ex".<br>
<br>
-E Vim: Start in improved Ex mode <a class="Identifier" href="intro.html#gQ">gQ</a>, like "exim".<br>
<br>
-f Vim: Run GUI in foreground (Amiga: don't open new window).<br>
-f <span class="Special">{session}</span> Elvis: Use <span class="Special">{session}</span> as the session file.<br>
<br>
-F Vim: Start in Farsi mode (when compiled with Farsi).<br>
Nvi: Fast start, don't read the entire file when editing<br>
starts.<br>
<br>
-G <span class="Special">{gui}</span> Elvis: Use the <span class="Special">{gui}</span> as user interface.<br>
<br>
-g Vim: Start GUI.<br>
-g <span class="Special">N</span> Vile: start editing at line <span class="Special">N</span><br>
<br>
-h Vim: Give help message.<br>
Vile: edit the help file<br>
<br>
-H Vim: start Hebrew mode (when compiled with it).<br>
<br>
-i Elvis: Start each window in Insert mode.<br>
-i <span class="Special">{viminfo}</span> Vim: Use <span class="Special">{viminfo}</span> for viminfo file.<br>
<br>
-L Vim: Same as "-r" (also in some versions of Vi).<br>
<br>
-l Nvi, Vi, Vim: Set <a class="Type" href="options.html#'lisp'">'lisp'</a> and <a class="Type" href="options.html#'showmatch'">'showmatch'</a> options.<br>
<br>
-m Vim: Modifications not allowed to be written, resets <a class="Type" href="options.html#'write'">'write'</a><br>
option.<br>
<br>
-M Vim: Modifications not allowed, resets <a class="Type" href="options.html#'modifiable'">'modifiable'</a> and the<br>
<a class="Type" href="options.html#'write'">'write'</a> option.<br>
<br>
-<span class="Special">N</span> Vim: No-compatible mode.<br>
<br>
-n Vim: No swap file used.<br>
<br>
-nb[args] Vim: open a NetBeans interface connection<br>
<br>
-O<span class="Special">[N]</span> Vim: Like -o, but use vertically split windows.<br>
<br>
-o<span class="Special">[N]</span> Vim: Open <span class="Special">[N]</span> windows, or one for each file.<br>
<br>
-p<span class="Special">[N]</span> Vim: Open <span class="Special">[N]</span> tab pages, or one for each file.<br>
<br>
-P <span class="Special">{parent-title}</span> Win32 Vim: open Vim inside a parent application window<br>
<br>
-q <span class="Special">{name}</span> Vim: Use <span class="Special">{name}</span> for quickfix error file.<br>
-q<span class="Special">{name}</span> Vim: Idem.<br>
<br>
-R Elvis, Nvi, Posix, Vile, Vim: Set the <a class="Type" href="options.html#'readonly'">'readonly'</a> option.<br>
<br>
-r Elvis, Nvi, Posix, Vi, Vim: Recovery mode.<br>
<br>
-S Nvi: Set <a class="Type" href="options.html#'secure'">'secure'</a> option.<br>
-S <span class="Special">{script}</span> Vim: source script after starting up.<br>
<br>
-s Nvi, Posix, Vim: Same as "-" (silent mode), when in Ex mode.<br>
Elvis: Sets the <span class="MissingTag">'safer'</span> option.<br>
-s <span class="Special">{scriptin}</span> Vim: Read from script file <span class="Special">{scriptin}</span>; only when not in Ex<br>
mode.<br>
-s <span class="Special">{pattern}</span> Vile: search for <span class="Special">{pattern}</span><br>
<br>
-t <span class="Special">{tag}</span> Elvis, Nvi, Posix, Vi, Vim: Edit the file containing <span class="Special">{tag}</span>.<br>
-t<span class="Special">{tag}</span> Vim: Idem.<br>
<br>
-T <span class="Special">{term}</span> Vim: Set terminal name to <span class="Special">{term}</span>.<br>
<br>
-u <span class="Special">{vimrc}</span> Vim: Read initializations from <span class="Special">{vimrc}</span> file.<br>
<br>
-U <span class="Special">{gvimrc}</span> Vim: Read GUI initializations from <span class="Special">{gvimrc}</span> file.<br>
<br>
-v Nvi, Posix, Vi, Vim: Begin in Normal mode (visual mode, in Vi<br>
terms).<br>
Vile: View mode, no changes possible.<br>
<br>
-V Elvis, Vim: Verbose mode.<br>
-V<span class="Special">{nr}</span> Vim: Verbose mode with specified level.<br>
<br>
-w <span class="Special">{size}</span> Elvis, Posix, Nvi, Vi, Vim: Set value of <a class="Type" href="options.html#'window'">'window'</a> to <span class="Special">{size}</span>.<br>
-w<span class="Special">{size}</span> Nvi, Vi: Same as "-w <span class="Special">{size}</span>".<br>
-w <span class="Special">{name}</span> Vim: Write to script file <span class="Special">{name}</span> (must start with non-digit).<br>
<br>
-W <span class="Special">{name}</span> Vim: Append to script file <span class="Special">{name}</span>.<br>
<br>
-x Vi, Vim: Ask for encryption key. See <a class="Identifier" href="editing.html#encryption">encryption</a>.<br>
<br>
-X Vim: Don't connect to the X server.<br>
<br>
-y Vim: Start in easy mode, like <a class="Identifier" href="starting.html#evim">evim</a>.<br>
<br>
-Z Vim: restricted mode<br>
<br>
@<span class="Special">{cmdfile}</span> Vile: use <span class="Special">{cmdfile}</span> as startup file.<br>
<br>
<span class="PreProc">==============================================================================</span><br>
7. POSIX compliance <a class="Constant" href="vi_diff.html#posix" name="posix">posix</a> <a class="Constant" href="vi_diff.html#posix-compliance" name="posix-compliance">posix-compliance</a><br>
<br>
In 2005 the POSIX test suite was run to check the compatibility of Vim. Most<br>
of the test was executed properly. There are the few things where Vim<br>
is not POSIX compliant, even when run in Vi compatibility mode.<br>
<a class="Constant" href="vi_diff.html#$VIM_POSIX" name="$VIM_POSIX">$VIM_POSIX</a><br>
Set the $VIM_POSIX environment variable to have <a class="Type" href="options.html#'cpoptions'">'cpoptions'</a> include the POSIX<br>
flags when Vim starts up. This makes Vim run as POSIX as it can. That's<br>
a bit different from being Vi compatible.<br>
<br>
This is where Vim does not behave as POSIX specifies and why:<br>
<br>
<a class="Constant" href="vi_diff.html#posix-screen-size" name="posix-screen-size">posix-screen-size</a><br>
The $COLUMNS and $LINES environment variables are ignored by Vim if<br>
the size can be obtained from the terminal in a more reliable way.<br>
Add the '|' flag to <a class="Type" href="options.html#'cpoptions'">'cpoptions'</a> to have $COLUMNS and $LINES overrule<br>
sizes obtained in another way.<br>
<br>
The "{" and "}" commands don't stop at a "{" in the original Vi, but<br>
POSIX specifies it does. Add the '{' flag to <a class="Type" href="options.html#'cpoptions'">'cpoptions'</a> if you want<br>
it the POSIX way.<br>
<br>
The "D", "o" and "O" commands accept a count. Also when repeated.<br>
Add the '#' flag to <a class="Type" href="options.html#'cpoptions'">'cpoptions'</a> if you want to ignore the count.<br>
<br>
The ":cd" command fails if the current buffer is modified when the '.'<br>
flag is present in <a class="Type" href="options.html#'cpoptions'">'cpoptions'</a>.<br>
<br>
There is no ATTENTION message, the "A" flag is added to <a class="Type" href="options.html#'shortmess'">'shortmess'</a>.<br>
<br>
These are remarks about running the POSIX test suite:<br>
- vi test 33 sometimes fails for unknown reasons<br>
- vi test 250 fails; behavior will be changed in a new revision<br>
<span class="Constant"><a href="http://www.opengroup.org/austin/mailarchives/ag-review/msg01710.html">http://www.opengroup.org/austin/mailarchives/ag-review/msg01710.html</a></span><br>
(link no longer works, perhaps it's now:<br>
<span class="Constant"><a href="https://www.opengroup.org/sophocles/show_mail.tpl?CALLER=show_archive.tpl&source=L&listname=austin-review-l&id=1711">https://www.opengroup.org/sophocles/show_mail.tpl?CALLER=show_archive.tpl&source=L&listname=austin-review-l&id=1711</a></span>)<br>
- vi test 310 fails; exit code non-zero when any error occurred?<br>
- ex test 24 fails because test is wrong. Changed between SUSv2 and SUSv3.<br>
- ex tests 47, 48, 49, 72, 73 fail because .exrc file isn't read in silent<br>
mode and $EXINIT isn't used.<br>
- ex tests 76, 78 fail because echo is used instead of printf. (fixed)<br>
Also: problem with \s not changed to space.<br>
- ex test 355 fails because <a class="Type" href="options.html#'window'">'window'</a> isn't used for "30z".<br>
- ex test 368 fails because shell command isn't echoed in silent mode.<br>
- ex test 394 fails because "=" command output isn't visible in silent mode.<br>
- ex test 411 fails because test file is wrong, contains stray ':'.<br>
- ex test 475 and 476 fail because reprint output isn't visible in silent mode.<br>
- ex test 480 and 481 fail because the tags file has spaces instead of a tab.<br>
- ex test 502 fails because .exrc isn't read in silent mode.<br>
- ex test 509 fails because .exrc isn't read in silent mode. and exit code is<br>
1 instead of 2.<br>
- ex test 534 fails because .exrc isn't read in silent mode.<br>
<br>
<br>
vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl:<br>
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