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<article class="Vimdoc VimdocJa">
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<a class="Constant" href="usr_42.html" name="usr_42.txt">usr_42.txt</a> For <span class="Identifier">Vim version 8.0.</span> Last change: 2008 May 05<br>
<br>
VIM USER MANUAL - by Bram Moolenaar<br>
<br>
Add new menus<br>
<br>
<br>
By now you know that Vim is very flexible. This includes the menus used in<br>
the GUI. You can define your own menu entries to make certain commands easily<br>
accessible. This is for mouse-happy users only.<br>
<br>
<a class="Identifier" href="usr_42.html#42.1">42.1</a> Introduction<br>
<a class="Identifier" href="usr_42.html#42.2">42.2</a> Menu commands<br>
<a class="Identifier" href="usr_42.html#42.3">42.3</a> Various<br>
<a class="Identifier" href="usr_42.html#42.4">42.4</a> Toolbar and popup menus<br>
<br>
Next chapter: <a class="Identifier" href="usr_43.html">usr_43.txt</a> Using filetypes<br>
Previous chapter: <a class="Identifier" href="usr_41.html">usr_41.txt</a> Write a Vim script<br>
Table of contents: <a class="Identifier" href="usr_toc.html">usr_toc.txt</a><br>
<br>
<span class="PreProc">==============================================================================</span><br>
<a class="Constant" href="usr_42.html#42.1" name="42.1">42.1</a> Introduction<br>
<br>
The menus that Vim uses are defined in the file "$VIMRUNTIME/menu.vim". If<br>
you want to write your own menus, you might first want to look through that<br>
file.<br>
To define a menu item, use the ":menu" command. The basic form of this<br>
command is as follows:<br>
<br>
<div class="helpExample"> :menu {menu-item} {keys}</div>
<br>
The <span class="Special">{menu-item}</span> describes where on the menu to put the item. A typical<br>
<span class="Special">{menu-item}</span> is "File.Save", which represents the item "Save" under the<br>
"File" menu. A dot is used to separate the names. Example:<br>
<br>
<div class="helpExample"> :menu File.Save :update<CR></div>
<br>
The ":update" command writes the file when it was modified.<br>
You can add another level: "Edit.Settings.Shiftwidth" defines a submenu<br>
"Settings" under the "Edit" menu, with an item "Shiftwidth". You could use<br>
even deeper levels. Don't use this too much, you need to move the mouse quite<br>
a bit to use such an item.<br>
The ":menu" command is very similar to the ":map" command: the left side<br>
specifies how the item is triggered and the right hand side defines the<br>
characters that are executed. <span class="Special">{keys}</span> are characters, they are used just like<br>
you would have typed them. Thus in Insert mode, when <span class="Special">{keys}</span> is plain text,<br>
that text is inserted.<br>
<br>
<br>
ACCELERATORS<br>
<br>
The ampersand character (&) is used to indicate an accelerator. For instance,<br>
you can use Alt-F to select "File" and S to select "Save". (The <a class="Type" href="options.html#'winaltkeys'">'winaltkeys'</a><br>
option may disable this though!). Therefore, the <span class="Special">{menu-item}</span> looks like<br>
"&File.&Save". The accelerator characters will be underlined in the menu.<br>
You must take care that each key is used only once in each menu. Otherwise<br>
you will not know which of the two will actually be used. Vim doesn't warn<br>
you for this.<br>
<br>
<br>
PRIORITIES<br>
<br>
The actual definition of the File.Save menu item is as follows:<br>
<br>
<div class="helpExample"> :menu 10.340 &File.&Save<Tab>:w :confirm w<CR></div>
<br>
The number 10.340 is called the priority number. It is used by the editor to<br>
decide where it places the menu item. The first number (10) indicates the<br>
position on the menu bar. Lower numbered menus are positioned to the left,<br>
higher numbers to the right.<br>
These are the priorities used for the standard menus:<br>
<br>
10 20 40 50 60 70 9999<br>
<br>
+------------------------------------------------------------+<br>
| File Edit Tools Syntax Buffers Window Help |<br>
+------------------------------------------------------------+<br>
<br>
Notice that the Help menu is given a very high number, to make it appear on<br>
the far right.<br>
The second number (340) determines the location of the item within the<br>
pull-down menu. Lower numbers go on top, higher number on the bottom. These<br>
are the priorities in the File menu:<br>
<br>
+-----------------+<br>
10.310 |Open... |<br>
10.320 |Split-Open... |<br>
10.325 |New |<br>
10.330 |Close |<br>
10.335 |---------------- |<br>
10.340 |Save |<br>
10.350 |Save As... |<br>
10.400 |---------------- |<br>
10.410 |Split Diff with |<br>
10.420 |Split Patched By |<br>
10.500 |---------------- |<br>
10.510 |Print |<br>
10.600 |---------------- |<br>
10.610 |Save-Exit |<br>
10.620 |Exit |<br>
+-----------------+<br>
<br>
Notice that there is room in between the numbers. This is where you can<br>
insert your own items, if you really want to (it's often better to leave the<br>
standard menus alone and add a new menu for your own items).<br>
When you create a submenu, you can add another ".number" to the priority.<br>
Thus each name in <span class="Special">{menu-item}</span> has its priority number.<br>
<br>
<br>
SPECIAL CHARACTERS<br>
<br>
The <span class="Special">{menu-item}</span> in this example is "&File.&Save<span class="Special"><Tab></span>:w". This brings up an<br>
important point: <span class="Special">{menu-item}</span> must be one word. If you want to put a dot,<br>
space or tabs in the name, you either use the <> notation (<span class="Special"><Space></span> and <span class="Special"><Tab></span>,<br>
for instance) or use the backslash (\) escape.<br>
<br>
<div class="helpExample"> :menu 10.305 &File.&Do\ It\.\.\. :exit<CR></div>
<br>
In this example, the name of the menu item "Do It..." contains a space and the<br>
command is ":exit<span class="Special"><CR></span>".<br>
<br>
The <span class="Special"><Tab></span> character in a menu name is used to separate the part that defines<br>
the menu name from the part that gives a hint to the user. The part after the<br>
<span class="Special"><Tab></span> is displayed right aligned in the menu. In the File.Save menu the name<br>
used is "&File.&Save<span class="Special"><Tab></span>:w". Thus the menu name is "File.Save" and the hint<br>
is ":w".<br>
<br>
<br>
SEPARATORS<br>
<br>
The separator lines, used to group related menu items together, can be defined<br>
by using a name that starts and ends in a '-'. For example "-sep-". When<br>
using several separators the names must be different. Otherwise the names<br>
don't matter.<br>
The command from a separator will never be executed, but you have to define<br>
one anyway. A single colon will do. Example:<br>
<br>
<div class="helpExample"> :amenu 20.510 Edit.-sep3- :</div>
<br>
<span class="PreProc">==============================================================================</span><br>
<a class="Constant" href="usr_42.html#42.2" name="42.2">42.2</a> Menu commands<br>
<br>
You can define menu items that exist for only certain modes. This works just<br>
like the variations on the ":map" command:<br>
<br>
:menu Normal, Visual and Operator-pending mode<br>
:nmenu Normal mode<br>
:vmenu Visual mode<br>
:omenu Operator-pending mode<br>
:menu! Insert and Command-line mode<br>
:imenu Insert mode<br>
:cmenu Command-line mode<br>
:amenu All modes<br>
<br>
To avoid that the commands of a menu item are being mapped, use the command<br>
":noremenu", ":nnoremenu", ":anoremenu", etc.<br>
<br>
<br>
USING :AMENU<br>
<br>
The ":amenu" command is a bit different. It assumes that the <span class="Special">{keys}</span> you<br>
give are to be executed in Normal mode. When Vim is in Visual or Insert mode<br>
when the menu is used, Vim first has to go back to Normal mode. ":amenu"<br>
inserts a <span class="Special">CTRL-C</span> or <span class="Special">CTRL-O</span> for you. For example, if you use this command:<br>
<br>
<div class="helpExample"> :amenu 90.100 Mine.Find\ Word *</div>
<br>
Then the resulting menu commands will be:<br>
<br>
Normal mode: *<br>
Visual mode: <span class="Special">CTRL-C</span> *<br>
Operator-pending mode: <span class="Special">CTRL-C</span> *<br>
Insert mode: <span class="Special">CTRL-O</span> *<br>
Command-line mode: <span class="Special">CTRL-C</span> *<br>
<br>
When in Command-line mode the <span class="Special">CTRL-C</span> will abandon the command typed so far.<br>
In Visual and Operator-pending mode <span class="Special">CTRL-C</span> will stop the mode. The <span class="Special">CTRL-O</span> in<br>
Insert mode will execute the command and then return to Insert mode.<br>
<span class="Special">CTRL-O</span> only works for one command. If you need to use two or more<br>
commands, put them in a function and call that function. Example:<br>
<br>
<div class="helpExample"> :amenu Mine.Next\ File :call <SID>NextFile()<CR><br>
:function <SID>NextFile()<br>
: next<br>
: 1/^Code<br>
:endfunction</div>
<br>
This menu entry goes to the next file in the argument list with ":next". Then<br>
it searches for the line that starts with "Code".<br>
The <span class="Special"><SID></span> before the function name is the script ID. This makes the<br>
function local to the current Vim script file. This avoids problems when a<br>
function with the same name is defined in another script file. See <a class="Identifier" href="map.html#<SID>"><SID></a>.<br>
<br>
<br>
SILENT MENUS<br>
<br>
The menu executes the <span class="Special">{keys}</span> as if you typed them. For a ":" command this<br>
means you will see the command being echoed on the command line. If it's a<br>
long command, the hit-Enter prompt will appear. That can be very annoying!<br>
To avoid this, make the menu silent. This is done with the <span class="Special"><silent></span><br>
argument. For example, take the call to NextFile() in the previous example.<br>
When you use this menu, you will see this on the command line:<br>
<br>
<span class="PreProc">:call <SNR>34_NextFile()</span><br>
<br>
To avoid this text on the command line, insert "<span class="Special"><silent></span>" as the first<br>
argument:<br>
<br>
<div class="helpExample"> :amenu <silent> Mine.Next\ File :call <SID>NextFile()<CR></div>
<br>
Don't use "<span class="Special"><silent></span>" too often. It is not needed for short commands. If you<br>
make a menu for someone else, being able the see the executed command will<br>
give him a hint about what he could have typed, instead of using the mouse.<br>
<br>
<br>
LISTING MENUS<br>
<br>
When a menu command is used without a <span class="Special">{keys}</span> part, it lists the already<br>
defined menus. You can specify a <span class="Special">{menu-item}</span>, or part of it, to list specific<br>
menus. Example:<br>
<br>
<div class="helpExample"> :amenu</div>
<br>
This lists all menus. That's a long list! Better specify the name of a menu<br>
to get a shorter list:<br>
<br>
<div class="helpExample"> :amenu Edit</div>
<br>
This lists only the "Edit" menu items for all modes. To list only one<br>
specific menu item for Insert mode:<br>
<br>
<div class="helpExample"> :imenu Edit.Undo</div>
<br>
Take care that you type exactly the right name. Case matters here. But the<br>
'&' for accelerators can be omitted. The <span class="Special"><Tab></span> and what comes after it can be<br>
left out as well.<br>
<br>
<br>
DELETING MENUS<br>
<br>
To delete a menu, the same command is used as for listing, but with "menu"<br>
changed to "unmenu". Thus ":menu" becomes, ":unmenu", ":nmenu" becomes<br>
":nunmenu", etc. To delete the "Tools.Make" item for Insert mode:<br>
<br>
<div class="helpExample"> :iunmenu Tools.Make</div>
<br>
You can delete a whole menu, with all its items, by using the menu name.<br>
Example:<br>
<br>
<div class="helpExample"> :aunmenu Syntax</div>
<br>
This deletes the Syntax menu and all the items in it.<br>
<br>
<span class="PreProc">==============================================================================</span><br>
<a class="Constant" href="usr_42.html#42.3" name="42.3">42.3</a> Various<br>
<br>
You can change the appearance of the menus with flags in <a class="Type" href="options.html#'guioptions'">'guioptions'</a>. In the<br>
default value they are all included, except "M". You can remove a flag with a<br>
command like:<br>
<br>
<div class="helpExample"> :set guioptions-=m</div>
<br>
m When removed the menubar is not displayed.<br>
<br>
M When added the default menus are not loaded.<br>
<br>
g When removed the inactive menu items are not made grey<br>
but are completely removed. (Does not work on all<br>
systems.)<br>
<br>
t When removed the tearoff feature is not enabled.<br>
<br>
The dotted line at the top of a menu is not a separator line. When you select<br>
this item, the menu is "teared-off": It is displayed in a separate window.<br>
This is called a tearoff menu. This is useful when you use the same menu<br>
often.<br>
<br>
For translating menu items, see <a class="Identifier" href="mlang.html#:menutrans">:menutrans</a>.<br>
<br>
Since the mouse has to be used to select a menu item, it is a good idea to use<br>
the ":browse" command for selecting a file. And ":confirm" to get a dialog<br>
instead of an error message, e.g., when the current buffer contains changes.<br>
These two can be combined:<br>
<br>
<div class="helpExample"> :amenu File.Open :browse confirm edit<CR></div>
<br>
The ":browse" makes a file browser appear to select the file to edit. The<br>
":confirm" will pop up a dialog when the current buffer has changes. You can<br>
then select to save the changes, throw them away or cancel the command.<br>
For more complicated items, the confirm() and inputdialog() functions can<br>
be used. The default menus contain a few examples.<br>
<br>
<span class="PreProc">==============================================================================</span><br>
<a class="Constant" href="usr_42.html#42.4" name="42.4">42.4</a> Toolbar and popup menus<br>
<br>
There are two special menus: ToolBar and PopUp. Items that start with these<br>
names do not appear in the normal menu bar.<br>
<br>
<br>
TOOLBAR<br>
<br>
The toolbar appears only when the "T" flag is included in the <a class="Type" href="options.html#'guioptions'">'guioptions'</a><br>
option.<br>
The toolbar uses icons rather than text to represent the command. For<br>
example, the <span class="Special">{menu-item}</span> named "ToolBar.New" causes the "New" icon to appear<br>
on the toolbar.<br>
The Vim editor has 28 built-in icons. You can find a table here:<br>
<a class="Identifier" href="gui.html#builtin-tools">builtin-tools</a>. Most of them are used in the default toolbar. You can<br>
redefine what these items do (after the default menus are setup).<br>
You can add another bitmap for a toolbar item. Or define a new toolbar<br>
item with a bitmap. For example, define a new toolbar item with:<br>
<br>
<div class="helpExample"> :tmenu ToolBar.Compile Compile the current file<br>
:amenu ToolBar.Compile :!cc %:S -o %:r:S<CR></div>
<br>
Now you need to create the icon. For MS-Windows it must be in bitmap format,<br>
with the name "Compile.bmp". For Unix XPM format is used, the file name is<br>
"Compile.xpm". The size must be 18 by 18 pixels. On MS-Windows other sizes<br>
can be used as well, but it will look ugly.<br>
Put the bitmap in the directory "bitmaps" in one of the directories from<br>
<a class="Type" href="options.html#'runtimepath'">'runtimepath'</a>. E.g., for Unix "~/.vim/bitmaps/Compile.xpm".<br>
<br>
You can define tooltips for the items in the toolbar. A tooltip is a short<br>
text that explains what a toolbar item will do. For example "Open file". It<br>
appears when the mouse pointer is on the item, without moving for a moment.<br>
This is very useful if the meaning of the picture isn't that obvious.<br>
Example:<br>
<br>
<div class="helpExample"> :tmenu ToolBar.Make Run make in the current directory</div>
<br>
<span class="Todo">Note</span>:<br>
Pay attention to the case used. "Toolbar" and "toolbar" are different<br>
from "ToolBar"!<br>
<br>
To remove a tooltip, use the <a class="Identifier" href="gui.html#:tunmenu">:tunmenu</a> command.<br>
<br>
The <a class="Type" href="options.html#'toolbar'">'toolbar'</a> option can be used to display text instead of a bitmap, or both<br>
text and a bitmap. Most people use just the bitmap, since the text takes<br>
quite a bit of space.<br>
<br>
<br>
POPUP MENU<br>
<br>
The popup menu pops up where the mouse pointer is. On MS-Windows you activate<br>
it by clicking the right mouse button. Then you can select an item with the<br>
left mouse button. On Unix the popup menu is used by pressing and holding the<br>
right mouse button.<br>
The popup menu only appears when the <a class="Type" href="options.html#'mousemodel'">'mousemodel'</a> has been set to "popup"<br>
or "popup_setpos". The difference between the two is that "popup_setpos"<br>
moves the cursor to the mouse pointer position. When clicking inside a<br>
selection, the selection will be used unmodified. When there is a selection<br>
but you click outside of it, the selection is removed.<br>
There is a separate popup menu for each mode. Thus there are never grey<br>
items like in the normal menus.<br>
<br>
What is the meaning of life, the universe and everything? <a class="Constant" href="usr_42.html#42" name="42">42</a><br>
Douglas Adams, the only person who knew what this question really was about is<br>
now dead, unfortunately. So now you might wonder what the meaning of death<br>
is...<br>
<br>
<span class="PreProc">==============================================================================</span><br>
<br>
Next chapter: <a class="Identifier" href="usr_43.html">usr_43.txt</a> Using filetypes<br>
<br>
Copyright: see <a class="Identifier" href="usr_01.html#manual-copyright">manual-copyright</a> vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl:<br>
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