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<article class="Vimdoc VimdocJa">
<div id='vimCodeElement'>
<a class="Constant" href="usr_11.html" name="usr_11.txt">usr_11.txt</a> For <span class="Identifier">Vim version 8.0.</span> Last change: 2010 Jul 20<br>
<br>
VIM USER MANUAL - by Bram Moolenaar<br>
<br>
Recovering from a crash<br>
<br>
<br>
Did your computer crash? And you just spent hours editing? Don't panic! Vim<br>
stores enough information to be able to restore most of your work. This<br>
chapter shows you how to get your work back and explains how the swap file is<br>
used.<br>
<br>
<a class="Identifier" href="usr_11.html#11.1">11.1</a> Basic recovery<br>
<a class="Identifier" href="usr_11.html#11.2">11.2</a> Where is the swap file?<br>
<a class="Identifier" href="usr_11.html#11.3">11.3</a> Crashed or not?<br>
<a class="Identifier" href="usr_11.html#11.4">11.4</a> Further reading<br>
<br>
Next chapter: <a class="Identifier" href="usr_12.html">usr_12.txt</a> Clever tricks<br>
Previous chapter: <a class="Identifier" href="usr_10.html">usr_10.txt</a> Making big changes<br>
Table of contents: <a class="Identifier" href="usr_toc.html">usr_toc.txt</a><br>
<br>
<span class="PreProc">==============================================================================</span><br>
<a class="Constant" href="usr_11.html#11.1" name="11.1">11.1</a> Basic recovery<br>
<br>
In most cases recovering a file is quite simple, assuming you know which file<br>
you were editing (and the harddisk is still working). Start Vim on the file,<br>
with the "-r" argument added:<br>
<br>
<div class="helpExample"> vim -r help.txt</div>
<br>
Vim will read the swap file (used to store text you were editing) and may read<br>
bits and pieces of the original file. If Vim recovered your changes you will<br>
see these messages (with different file names, of course):<br>
<br>
<span class="PreProc">Using swap file ".help.txt.swp"</span><br>
<span class="PreProc">Original file "~/vim/runtime/doc/help.txt"</span><br>
<span class="PreProc">Recovery completed. You should check if everything is OK.</span><br>
<span class="PreProc">(You might want to write out this file under another name</span><br>
<span class="PreProc">and run diff with the original file to check for changes)</span><br>
<span class="PreProc">You may want to delete the .swp file now.</span><br>
<br>
To be on the safe side, write this file under another name:<br>
<br>
<div class="helpExample"> :write help.txt.recovered</div>
<br>
Compare the file with the original file to check if you ended up with what you<br>
expected. Vimdiff is very useful for this <a class="Identifier" href="usr_08.html#08.7">08.7</a>. For example:<br>
<br>
<div class="helpExample"> :write help.txt.recovered<br>
:edit #<br>
:diffsp help.txt</div>
<br>
Watch out for the original file to contain a more recent version (you saved<br>
the file just before the computer crashed). And check that no lines are<br>
missing (something went wrong that Vim could not recover).<br>
If Vim produces warning messages when recovering, read them carefully.<br>
This is rare though.<br>
<br>
If the recovery resulted in text that is exactly the same as the file<br>
contents, you will get this message:<br>
<br>
<span class="PreProc">Using swap file ".help.txt.swp"</span><br>
<span class="PreProc">Original file "~/vim/runtime/doc/help.txt"</span><br>
<span class="PreProc">Recovery completed. Buffer contents equals file contents.</span><br>
<span class="PreProc">You may want to delete the .swp file now.</span><br>
<br>
This usually happens if you already recovered your changes, or you wrote the<br>
file after making changes. It is safe to delete the swap file now.<br>
<br>
It is normal that the last few changes can not be recovered. Vim flushes the<br>
changes to disk when you don't type for about four seconds, or after typing<br>
about two hundred characters. This is set with the <a class="Type" href="options.html#'updatetime'">'updatetime'</a> and<br>
<a class="Type" href="options.html#'updatecount'">'updatecount'</a> options. Thus when Vim didn't get a chance to save itself when<br>
the system went down, the changes after the last flush will be lost.<br>
<br>
If you were editing without a file name, give an empty string as argument:<br>
<br>
<div class="helpExample"> vim -r ""</div>
<br>
You must be in the right directory, otherwise Vim can't find the swap file.<br>
<br>
<span class="PreProc">==============================================================================</span><br>
<a class="Constant" href="usr_11.html#11.2" name="11.2">11.2</a> Where is the swap file?<br>
<br>
Vim can store the swap file in several places. Normally it is in the same<br>
directory as the original file. To find it, change to the directory of the<br>
file, and use:<br>
<br>
<div class="helpExample"> vim -r</div>
<br>
Vim will list the swap files that it can find. It will also look in other<br>
directories where the swap file for files in the current directory may be<br>
located. It will not find swap files in any other directories though, it<br>
doesn't search the directory tree.<br>
The output could look like this:<br>
<br>
<span class="PreProc">Swap files found:</span><br>
<span class="PreProc">In current directory:</span><br>
<span class="PreProc">1. .main.c.swp</span><br>
<span class="PreProc">owned by: mool dated: Tue May 29 21:00:25 2001</span><br>
<span class="PreProc">file name: ~mool/vim/vim6/src/main.c</span><br>
<span class="PreProc">modified: YES</span><br>
<span class="PreProc">user name: mool host name: masaka.moolenaar.net</span><br>
<span class="PreProc">process ID: 12525</span><br>
<span class="PreProc">In directory ~/tmp:</span><br>
<span class="PreProc">-- none --</span><br>
<span class="PreProc">In directory /var/tmp:</span><br>
<span class="PreProc">-- none --</span><br>
<span class="PreProc">In directory /tmp:</span><br>
<span class="PreProc">-- none --</span><br>
<br>
If there are several swap files that look like they may be the one you want to<br>
use, a list is given of these swap files and you are requested to enter the<br>
number of the one you want to use. Carefully look at the dates to decide<br>
which one you want to use.<br>
In case you don't know which one to use, just try them one by one and check<br>
the resulting files if they are what you expected.<br>
<br>
<br>
USING A SPECIFIC SWAP FILE<br>
<br>
If you know which swap file needs to be used, you can recover by giving the<br>
swap file name. Vim will then finds out the name of the original file from<br>
the swap file.<br>
<br>
Example:<br>
<div class="helpExample"> vim -r .help.txt.swo</div>
<br>
This is also handy when the swap file is in another directory than expected.<br>
Vim recognizes files with the pattern *.s[uvw][a-z] as swap files.<br>
<br>
If this still does not work, see what file names Vim reports and rename the<br>
files accordingly. Check the <a class="Type" href="options.html#'directory'">'directory'</a> option to see where Vim may have<br>
put the swap file.<br>
<br>
<span class="Todo">Note</span>:<br>
Vim tries to find the swap file by searching the directories in the<br>
<a class="Type" href="options.html#'dir'">'dir'</a> option, looking for files that match "filename.sw?". If<br>
wildcard expansion doesn't work (e.g., when the <a class="Type" href="options.html#'shell'">'shell'</a> option is<br>
invalid), Vim does a desperate try to find the file "filename.swp".<br>
If that fails too, you will have to give the name of the swapfile<br>
itself to be able to recover the file.<br>
<br>
<span class="PreProc">==============================================================================</span><br>
<a class="Constant" href="usr_11.html#11.3" name="11.3">11.3</a> Crashed or not? <a class="Constant" href="usr_11.html#ATTENTION" name="ATTENTION">ATTENTION</a> <a class="Constant" href="usr_11.html#E325" name="E325">E325</a><br>
<br>
Vim tries to protect you from doing stupid things. Suppose you innocently<br>
start editing a file, expecting the contents of the file to show up. Instead,<br>
Vim produces a very long message:<br>
<br>
<span class="PreProc">E325: ATTENTION</span><br>
<span class="PreProc">Found a swap file by the name ".main.c.swp"</span><br>
<span class="PreProc">owned by: mool dated: Tue May 29 21:09:28 2001</span><br>
<span class="PreProc">file name: ~mool/vim/vim6/src/main.c</span><br>
<span class="PreProc">modified: no</span><br>
<span class="PreProc">user name: mool host name: masaka.moolenaar.net</span><br>
<span class="PreProc">process ID: 12559 (still running)</span><br>
<span class="PreProc">While opening file "main.c"</span><br>
<span class="PreProc">dated: Tue May 29 19:46:12 2001</span><br>
<br>
<span class="PreProc">(1) Another program may be editing the same file.</span><br>
<span class="PreProc">If this is the case, be careful not to end up with two</span><br>
<span class="PreProc">different instances of the same file when making changes.</span><br>
<span class="PreProc">Quit, or continue with caution.</span><br>
<br>
<span class="PreProc">(2) An edit session for this file crashed.</span><br>
<span class="PreProc">If this is the case, use ":recover" or "vim -r main.c"</span><br>
<span class="PreProc">to recover the changes (see ":help recovery").</span><br>
<span class="PreProc">If you did this already, delete the swap file ".main.c.swp"</span><br>
<span class="PreProc">to avoid this message.</span><br>
<br>
You get this message, because, when starting to edit a file, Vim checks if a<br>
swap file already exists for that file. If there is one, there must be<br>
something wrong. It may be one of these two situations.<br>
<br>
1. Another edit session is active on this file. Look in the message for the<br>
line with "process ID". It might look like this:<br>
<br>
<span class="PreProc">process ID: 12559 (still running)</span><br>
<br>
The text "(still running)" indicates that the process editing this file<br>
runs on the same computer. When working on a non-Unix system you will not<br>
get this extra hint. When editing a file over a network, you may not see<br>
the hint, because the process might be running on another computer. In<br>
those two cases you must find out what the situation is yourself.<br>
If there is another Vim editing the same file, continuing to edit will<br>
result in two versions of the same file. The one that is written last will<br>
overwrite the other one, resulting in loss of changes. You better quit<br>
this Vim.<br>
<br>
2. The swap file might be the result from a previous crash of Vim or the<br>
computer. Check the dates mentioned in the message. If the date of the<br>
swap file is newer than the file you were editing, and this line appears:<br>
<br>
<span class="PreProc">modified: YES</span><br>
<br>
Then you very likely have a crashed edit session that is worth recovering.<br>
If the date of the file is newer than the date of the swap file, then<br>
either it was changed after the crash (perhaps you recovered it earlier,<br>
but didn't delete the swap file?), or else the file was saved before the<br>
crash but after the last write of the swap file (then you're lucky: you<br>
don't even need that old swap file). Vim will warn you for this with this<br>
extra line:<br>
<br>
<span class="PreProc">NEWER than swap file!</span><br>
<br>
<br>
UNREADABLE SWAP FILE<br>
<br>
Sometimes the line<br>
<br>
<span class="PreProc">[cannot be read]</span><br>
<br>
will appear under the name of the swap file. This can be good or bad,<br>
depending on circumstances.<br>
<br>
It is good if a previous editing session crashed without having made any<br>
changes to the file. Then a directory listing of the swap file will show<br>
that it has zero bytes. You may delete it and proceed.<br>
<br>
It is slightly bad if you don't have read permission for the swap file. You<br>
may want to view the file read-only, or quit. On multi-user systems, if you<br>
yourself did the last changes under a different login name, a logout<br>
followed by a login under that other name might cure the "read error". Or<br>
else you might want to find out who last edited (or is editing) the file and<br>
have a talk with them.<br>
<br>
It is very bad if it means there is a physical read error on the disk<br>
containing the swap file. Fortunately, this almost never happens.<br>
You may want to view the file read-only at first (if you can), to see the<br>
extent of the changes that were "forgotten". If you are the one in charge of<br>
that file, be prepared to redo your last changes.<br>
<br>
<br>
WHAT TO DO? <a class="Constant" href="usr_11.html#swap-exists-choices" name="swap-exists-choices">swap-exists-choices</a><br>
<br>
If dialogs are supported you will be asked to select one of five choices:<br>
<br>
<span class="PreProc">Swap file ".main.c.swp" already exists!</span><br>
<span class="PreProc">[O]pen Read-Only, (E)dit anyway, (R)ecover, (Q)uit, (A)bort, (D)elete it:</span><br>
<br>
O Open the file readonly. Use this when you just want to view the file and<br>
don't need to recover it. You might want to use this when you know someone<br>
else is editing the file, but you just want to look in it and not make<br>
changes.<br>
<br>
E Edit the file anyway. Use this with caution! If the file is being edited<br>
in another Vim, you might end up with two versions of the file. Vim will<br>
try to warn you when this happens, but better be safe then sorry.<br>
<br>
R Recover the file from the swap file. Use this if you know that the swap<br>
file contains changes that you want to recover.<br>
<br>
Q Quit. This avoids starting to edit the file. Use this if there is another<br>
Vim editing the same file.<br>
When you just started Vim, this will exit Vim. When starting Vim with<br>
files in several windows, Vim quits only if there is a swap file for the<br>
first one. When using an edit command, the file will not be loaded and you<br>
are taken back to the previously edited file.<br>
<br>
A Abort. Like Quit, but also abort further commands. This is useful when<br>
loading a script that edits several files, such as a session with multiple<br>
windows.<br>
<br>
D Delete the swap file. Use this when you are sure you no longer need it.<br>
For example, when it doesn't contain changes, or when the file itself is<br>
newer than the swap file.<br>
On Unix this choice is only offered when the process that created the<br>
swap file does not appear to be running.<br>
<br>
If you do not get the dialog (you are running a version of Vim that does not<br>
support it), you will have to do it manually. To recover the file, use this<br>
command:<br>
<br>
<div class="helpExample"> :recover</div>
<br>
<br>
Vim cannot always detect that a swap file already exists for a file. This is<br>
the case when the other edit session puts the swap files in another directory<br>
or when the path name for the file is different when editing it on different<br>
machines. Therefore, don't rely on Vim always warning you.<br>
<br>
If you really don't want to see this message, you can add the 'A' flag to the<br>
<a class="Type" href="options.html#'shortmess'">'shortmess'</a> option. But it's very unusual that you need this.<br>
<br>
For remarks about encryption and the swap file, see <a class="Identifier" href="recover.html#:recover-crypt">:recover-crypt</a>.<br>
<br>
<span class="PreProc">==============================================================================</span><br>
<a class="Constant" href="usr_11.html#11.4" name="11.4">11.4</a> Further reading<br>
<br>
<a class="Identifier" href="recover.html#swap-file">swap-file</a> An explanation about where the swap file will be created and<br>
what its name is.<br>
<a class="Identifier" href="recover.html#:preserve">:preserve</a> Manually flushing the swap file to disk.<br>
<a class="Identifier" href="recover.html#:swapname">:swapname</a> See the name of the swap file for the current file.<br>
<a class="Type" href="options.html#'updatecount'">'updatecount'</a> Number of key strokes after which the swap file is flushed to<br>
disk.<br>
<a class="Type" href="options.html#'updatetime'">'updatetime'</a> Timeout after which the swap file is flushed to disk.<br>
<a class="Type" href="options.html#'swapsync'">'swapsync'</a> Whether the disk is synced when the swap file is flushed.<br>
<a class="Type" href="options.html#'directory'">'directory'</a> List of directory names where to store the swap file.<br>
<a class="Type" href="options.html#'maxmem'">'maxmem'</a> Limit for memory usage before writing text to the swap file.<br>
<a class="Type" href="options.html#'maxmemtot'">'maxmemtot'</a> Same, but for all files in total.<br>
<br>
<span class="PreProc">==============================================================================</span><br>
<br>
Next chapter: <a class="Identifier" href="usr_12.html">usr_12.txt</a> Clever tricks<br>
<br>
Copyright: see <a class="Identifier" href="usr_01.html#manual-copyright">manual-copyright</a> vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl:<br>
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