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<a class="Constant" href="os_win32.html" name="os_win32.txt">os_win32.txt</a> For <span class="Identifier">Vim version 8.0.</span> Last change: 2017 Mar 21<br>
<br>
<br>
<span class="Identifier">VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by George Reilly</span><br>
<br>
<br>
<a class="Constant" href="os_win32.html#win32" name="win32">win32</a> <a class="Constant" href="os_win32.html#Win32" name="Win32">Win32</a> <a class="Constant" href="os_win32.html#MS-Windows" name="MS-Windows">MS-Windows</a><br>
This file documents the idiosyncrasies of the Win32 version of Vim.<br>
<br>
The Win32 version of Vim works on Windows XP, Vista, 7, 8 and 10. There are<br>
both console and GUI versions.<br>
<br>
The 32 bit version also runs on 64 bit MS-Windows systems.<br>
<br>
1. Known problems <a class="Identifier" href="os_win32.html#win32-problems">win32-problems</a><br>
2. Startup <a class="Identifier" href="os_win32.html#win32-startup">win32-startup</a><br>
3. Restore screen contents <a class="Identifier" href="os_win32.html#win32-restore">win32-restore</a><br>
4. Using the mouse <a class="Identifier" href="os_win32.html#win32-mouse">win32-mouse</a><br>
5. Running under Windows 95 <a class="Identifier" href="os_win32.html#win32-win95">win32-win95</a><br>
6. Running under Windows 3.1 <a class="Identifier" href="os_win32.html#win32-win3.1">win32-win3.1</a><br>
7. Win32 mini FAQ <a class="Identifier" href="os_win32.html#win32-faq">win32-faq</a><br>
<br>
Additionally, there are a number of common Win32 and DOS items:<br>
File locations <a class="Identifier" href="os_dos.html#dos-locations">dos-locations</a><br>
Using backslashes <a class="Identifier" href="os_dos.html#dos-backslash">dos-backslash</a><br>
Standard mappings <a class="Identifier" href="os_dos.html#dos-standard-mappings">dos-standard-mappings</a><br>
Screen output and colors <a class="Identifier" href="os_dos.html#dos-colors">dos-colors</a><br>
File formats <a class="Identifier" href="os_dos.html#dos-file-formats">dos-file-formats</a><br>
:cd command <a class="Identifier" href="os_dos.html#dos-:cd">dos-:cd</a><br>
Interrupting <a class="Identifier" href="os_dos.html#dos-CTRL-Break">dos-CTRL-Break</a><br>
Temp files <a class="Identifier" href="os_dos.html#dos-temp-files">dos-temp-files</a><br>
Shell option default <a class="Identifier" href="os_dos.html#dos-shell">dos-shell</a><br>
<br>
Win32 GUI <a class="Identifier" href="gui_w32.html#gui-w32">gui-w32</a><br>
<br>
Credits:<br>
The Win32 version was written by George V. Reilly <george@reilly.org>.<br>
The original Windows NT port was done by Roger Knobbe <RogerK@wonderware.com>.<br>
The GUI version was made by George V. Reilly and Robert Webb.<br>
<br>
For compiling see "src/INSTALLpc.txt". <a class="Constant" href="os_win32.html#win32-compiling" name="win32-compiling">win32-compiling</a><br>
<br>
<span class="PreProc">==============================================================================</span><br>
1. Known problems <a class="Constant" href="os_win32.html#win32-problems" name="win32-problems">win32-problems</a><br>
<br>
When doing file name completion, Vim also finds matches for the short file<br>
name. But Vim will still find and use the corresponding long file name. For<br>
example, if you have the long file name "this_is_a_test" with the short file<br>
name "this_i~1", the command ":e *1" will start editing "this_is_a_test".<br>
<br>
<span class="PreProc">==============================================================================</span><br>
2. Startup <a class="Constant" href="os_win32.html#win32-startup" name="win32-startup">win32-startup</a><br>
<br>
Current directory <a class="Constant" href="os_win32.html#win32-curdir" name="win32-curdir">win32-curdir</a><br>
<br>
If Vim is started with a single file name argument, and it has a full path<br>
(starts with "x:\"), Vim assumes it was started from the file explorer and<br>
will set the current directory to where that file is. To avoid this when<br>
typing a command to start Vim, use a forward slash instead of a backslash.<br>
Example:<br>
<br>
<div class="helpExample"> vim c:\text\files\foo.txt</div>
<br>
Will change to the "C:\text\files" directory.<br>
<br>
<div class="helpExample"> vim c:/text\files\foo.txt</div>
<br>
Will use the current directory.<br>
<br>
<br>
Term option <a class="Constant" href="os_win32.html#win32-term" name="win32-term">win32-term</a><br>
<br>
The only kind of terminal type that the Win32 version of Vim understands is<br>
"win32", which is built-in. If you set <a class="Type" href="options.html#'term'">'term'</a> to anything else, you will<br>
probably get very strange behavior from Vim. Therefore Vim does not obtain<br>
the default value of <a class="Type" href="options.html#'term'">'term'</a> from the environment variable "TERM".<br>
<br>
$PATH <a class="Constant" href="os_win32.html#win32-PATH" name="win32-PATH">win32-PATH</a><br>
<br>
The directory of the Vim executable is appended to $PATH. This is mostly to<br>
make "!xxd" work, as it is in the Tools menu. And it also means that when<br>
executable() returns 1 the executable can actually be executed.<br>
<br>
Quotes in file names <a class="Constant" href="os_win32.html#win32-quotes" name="win32-quotes">win32-quotes</a><br>
<br>
Quotes inside a file name (or any other command line argument) can be escaped<br>
with a backslash. E.g.<br>
<div class="helpExample"> vim -c "echo 'foo\"bar'"</div>
<br>
Alternatively use three quotes to get one:<br>
<div class="helpExample"> vim -c "echo 'foo"""bar'"</div>
<br>
The quotation rules are:<br>
<br>
1. A <span class="Comment">"</span> starts quotation.<br>
2. Another <span class="Comment">"</span> or <span class="Comment">""</span> ends quotation. If the quotation ends with <span class="Comment">""</span>, a <span class="Comment">"</span><br>
is produced at the end of the quoted string.<br>
<br>
Examples, with [] around an argument:<br>
"foo" -> <span class="Special">[foo]</span><br>
"foo"" -> [foo"]<br>
"foo"bar -> <span class="Special">[foobar]</span><br>
"foo" bar -> <span class="Special">[foo]</span>, <span class="Special">[bar]</span><br>
"foo""bar -> [foo"bar]<br>
"foo"" bar -> [foo"], <span class="Special">[bar]</span><br>
"foo"""bar" -> [foo"bar]<br>
<br>
<br>
<span class="PreProc">==============================================================================</span><br>
3. Restore screen contents <a class="Constant" href="os_win32.html#win32-restore" name="win32-restore">win32-restore</a><br>
<br>
When <a class="Type" href="options.html#'restorescreen'">'restorescreen'</a> is set (which is the default), Vim will restore the<br>
original contents of the console when exiting or when executing external<br>
commands. If you don't want this, use ":set nors". <a class="Identifier" href="options.html#'restorescreen'">'restorescreen'</a><br>
<br>
<span class="PreProc">==============================================================================</span><br>
4. Using the mouse <a class="Constant" href="os_win32.html#win32-mouse" name="win32-mouse">win32-mouse</a><br>
<br>
The Win32 version of Vim supports using the mouse. If you have a two-button<br>
mouse, the middle button can be emulated by pressing both left and right<br>
buttons simultaneously - but <span class="Todo">note</span> that in the Win32 GUI, if you have the right<br>
mouse button pop-up menu enabled (see <a class="Type" href="options.html#'mouse'">'mouse'</a>), you should err on the side of<br>
pressing the left button first. <a class="Identifier" href="term.html#mouse-using">mouse-using</a><br>
<br>
When the mouse doesn't work, try disabling the "Quick Edit Mode" feature of<br>
the console.<br>
<br>
<span class="PreProc">==============================================================================</span><br>
5. Running under Windows 95 <a class="Constant" href="os_win32.html#win32-win95" name="win32-win95">win32-win95</a><br>
<a class="Constant" href="os_win32.html#windows95" name="windows95">windows95</a> <a class="Constant" href="os_win32.html#windows98" name="windows98">windows98</a> <a class="Constant" href="os_win32.html#windowsme" name="windowsme">windowsme</a><br>
Windows 95/98/ME support was removed in patch 8.0.0029 If you want to use it<br>
you will need to get a version older than that.<br>
<br>
<span class="PreProc">==============================================================================</span><br>
6. Running under Windows 3.1 <a class="Constant" href="os_win32.html#win32-win3.1" name="win32-win3.1">win32-win3.1</a><br>
<br>
<a class="Constant" href="os_win32.html#win32s" name="win32s">win32s</a> <a class="Constant" href="os_win32.html#windows-3.1" name="windows-3.1">windows-3.1</a> <a class="Constant" href="os_win32.html#gui-w32s" name="gui-w32s">gui-w32s</a><br>
There was a special version of gvim that runs under Windows 3.1 and 3.11.<br>
Support was removed in patch 7.4.1363.<br>
<br>
<span class="PreProc">==============================================================================</span><br>
7. Win32 mini FAQ <a class="Constant" href="os_win32.html#win32-faq" name="win32-faq">win32-faq</a><br>
<br>
Q. How do I change the font?<br>
A. In the GUI version, you can use the <a class="Type" href="options.html#'guifont'">'guifont'</a> option. Example:<br>
<div class="helpExample"> :set guifont=Lucida_Console:h15:cDEFAULT</div>
In the console version, you need to set the font of the console itself.<br>
You cannot do this from within Vim.<br>
<br>
Q. How do I type dead keys on Windows NT?<br>
A. Dead keys work on NT 3.51. Just type them as you would in any other<br>
application.<br>
On NT 4.0, you need to make sure that the default locale (set in the<br>
Keyboard part of the Control Panel) is the same as the currently active<br>
locale. Otherwise the NT code will get confused and crash! This is a NT<br>
4.0 problem, not really a Vim problem.<br>
<br>
Q. I'm using Vim to edit a symbolically linked file on a Unix NFS file server.<br>
When I write the file, Vim does not "write through" the symlink. Instead,<br>
it deletes the symbolic link and creates a new file in its place. Why?<br>
A. On Unix, Vim is prepared for links (symbolic or hard). A backup copy of<br>
the original file is made and then the original file is overwritten. This<br>
assures that all properties of the file remain the same. On non-Unix<br>
systems, the original file is renamed and a new file is written. Only the<br>
protection bits are set like the original file. However, this doesn't work<br>
properly when working on an NFS-mounted file system where links and other<br>
things exist. The only way to fix this in the current version is not<br>
making a backup file, by ":set nobackup nowritebackup" <a class="Identifier" href="options.html#'writebackup'">'writebackup'</a><br>
<br>
Q. I'm using Vim to edit a file on a Unix file server through Samba. When I<br>
write the file, the owner of the file is changed. Why?<br>
A. When writing a file Vim renames the original file, this is a backup (in<br>
case writing the file fails halfway). Then the file is written as a new<br>
file. Samba then gives it the default owner for the file system, which may<br>
differ from the original owner.<br>
To avoid this set the <a class="Type" href="options.html#'backupcopy'">'backupcopy'</a> option to "yes". Vim will then make a<br>
copy of the file for the backup, and overwrite the original file. The<br>
owner isn't changed then.<br>
<br>
Q. How do I get to see the output of ":make" while it's running?<br>
A. Basically what you need is to put a tee program that will copy its input<br>
(the output from make) to both stdout and to the errorfile. You can find a<br>
copy of tee (and a number of other GNU tools) at<br>
<span class="Constant"><a href="http://gnuwin32.sourceforge.net">http://gnuwin32.sourceforge.net</a></span> or <span class="Constant"><a href="http://unxutils.sourceforge.net">http://unxutils.sourceforge.net</a></span><br>
Alternatively, try the more recent Cygnus version of the GNU tools at<br>
<span class="Constant"><a href="http://www.cygwin.com">http://www.cygwin.com</a></span> Other Unix-style tools for Win32 are listed at<br>
<span class="Constant"><a href="http://directory.google.com/Top/Computers/Software/Operating_Systems/Unix/Win32/">http://directory.google.com/Top/Computers/Software/Operating_Systems/Unix/Win32/</a></span><br>
When you do get a copy of tee, you'll need to add<br>
<div class="helpExample"> :set shellpipe=\|\ tee</div>
to your _vimrc.<br>
<br>
Q. I'm storing files on a remote machine that works with VisionFS, and files<br>
disappear!<br>
A. VisionFS can't handle certain dot (.) three letter extension file names.<br>
SCO declares this behavior required for backwards compatibility with 16bit<br>
DOS/Windows environments. The two commands below demonstrate the behavior:<br>
<br>
<div class="helpExample"> echo Hello > file.bat~ <br>
dir > file.bat</div>
<br>
The result is that the "dir" command updates the "file.bat~" file, instead<br>
of creating a new "file.bat" file. This same behavior is exhibited in Vim<br>
when editing an existing file named "foo.bat" because the default behavior<br>
of Vim is to create a temporary file with a '~' character appended to the<br>
name. When the file is written, it winds up being deleted.<br>
<br>
Solution: Add this command to your _vimrc file:<br>
<div class="helpExample"> :set backupext=.temporary</div>
<br>
Q. How do I change the blink rate of the cursor?<br>
A. You can't! This is a limitation of the NT console. NT 5.0 is reported to<br>
be able to set the blink rate for all console windows at the same time.<br>
<br>
<a class="Constant" href="os_win32.html#:!start" name=":!start">:!start</a><br>
Q. How can I asynchronously run an external command or program, or open a<br>
document or URL with its default program?<br>
A. When using :! to run an external command, you can run it with "start". For<br>
example, to run notepad:<br>
<div class="helpExample"> :!start notepad</div>
To open "image.jpg" with the default image viewer:<br>
<div class="helpExample"> :!start image.jpg</div>
To open the folder of the current file in Windows Explorer:<br>
<div class="helpExample"> :!start %:h</div>
To open the Vim home page with the default browser:<br>
<div class="helpExample"> :!start <a href="http://www.vim.org/">http://www.vim.org/</a></div>
<br>
Using "start" stops Vim switching to another screen, opening a new console,<br>
or waiting for the program to complete; it indicates that you are running a<br>
program that does not affect the files you are editing. Programs begun<br>
with :!start do not get passed Vim's open file handles, which means they do<br>
not have to be closed before Vim.<br>
To avoid this special treatment, use ":! start".<br>
There are two optional arguments (see the next Q):<br>
/min the window will be minimized<br>
/b no console window will be opened<br>
You can use only one of these flags at a time. A second one will be<br>
treated as the start of the command.<br>
<br>
Q. How do I avoid getting a window for programs that I run asynchronously?<br>
A. You have two possible solutions depending on what you want:<br>
1) You may use the /min flag in order to run program in a minimized state<br>
with no other changes. It will work equally for console and GUI<br>
applications.<br>
2) You can use the /b flag to run console applications without creating a<br>
console window for them (GUI applications are not affected). But you<br>
should use this flag only if the application you run doesn't require any<br>
input. Otherwise it will get an EOF error because its input stream<br>
(stdin) would be redirected to \\.\NUL (stdout and stderr too).<br>
<br>
Example for a console application, run Exuberant ctags:<br>
<div class="helpExample"> :!start /min ctags -R .</div>
When it has finished you should see file named "tags" in your current<br>
directory. You should notice the window title blinking on your taskbar.<br>
This is more noticeable for commands that take longer.<br>
Now delete the "tags" file and run this command:<br>
<div class="helpExample"> :!start /b ctags -R .</div>
You should have the same "tags" file, but this time there will be no<br>
blinking on the taskbar.<br>
Example for a GUI application:<br>
<div class="helpExample"> :!start /min notepad<br>
:!start /b notepad</div>
The first command runs notepad minimized and the second one runs it<br>
normally.<br>
<br>
<a class="Constant" href="os_win32.html#windows-icon" name="windows-icon">windows-icon</a><br>
Q. I don't like the Vim icon, can I change it?<br>
A. Yes, place your favorite icon in bitmaps/vim.ico in a directory of<br>
<a class="Type" href="options.html#'runtimepath'">'runtimepath'</a>. For example ~/vimfiles/bitmaps/vim.ico.<br>
<br>
<br>
vim:tw=78:fo=tcq2:ts=8:ft=help:norl:<br>
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