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ElasticSearch is a distributed RESTful search engine built for the cloud. Features include:
First of all, DON’T PANIC. It will take 5 minutes to get the gist of what ElasticSearch is all about.
bin/elasticsearch -f on unix, or bin/elasticsearch.bat on windows.curl -X GET http://localhost:9200/.Lets try and index some twitter like information. First, lets create a twitter user, and add some tweets (the twitter index will be created automatically):
curl -XPUT 'http://localhost:9200/twitter/user/kimchy' -d '{ "name" : "Shay Banon" }'
curl -XPUT 'http://localhost:9200/twitter/tweet/1' -d '
{
"user": "kimchy",
"postDate": "2009-11-15T13:12:00",
"message": "Trying out Elastic Search, so far so good?"
}'
curl -XPUT 'http://localhost:9200/twitter/tweet/2' -d '
{
"user": "kimchy",
"postDate": "2009-11-15T14:12:12",
"message": "Another tweet, will it be indexed?"
}'
Now, lets see if the information was added by GETting it:
curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/twitter/user/kimchy?pretty=true' curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/twitter/tweet/1?pretty=true' curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/twitter/tweet/2?pretty=true'
Mmm search…, shouldn’t it be elastic?
Lets find all the tweets that kimchy posted:
curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/twitter/tweet/_search?q=user:kimchy&pretty=true'
We can also use the JSON query language ElasticSearch provides instead of a query string:
curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/twitter/tweet/_search?pretty=true' -d '
{
"query" : {
"text" : { "user": "kimchy" }
}
}'
Just for kicks, lets get all the documents stored (we should see the user as well):
curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/twitter/_search?pretty=true' -d '
{
"query" : {
"matchAll" : {}
}
}'
We can also do range search (the postDate was automatically identified as date)
curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/twitter/_search?pretty=true' -d '
{
"query" : {
"range" : {
"postDate" : { "from" : "2009-11-15T13:00:00", "to" : "2009-11-15T14:00:00" }
}
}
}'
There are many more options to perform search, after all, its a search product no? All the familiar Lucene queries are available through the JSON query language, or through the query parser.
Maan, that twitter index might get big (in this case, index size == valuation). Lets see if we can structure our twitter system a bit differently in order to support such large amount of data.
ElasticSearch support multiple indices, as well as multiple types per index. In the previous example we used an index called twitter, with two types, user and tweet.
Another way to define our simple twitter system is to have a different index per user (though note that an index has an overhead). Here is the indexing curl’s in this case:
curl -XPUT 'http://localhost:9200/kimchy/info/1' -d '{ "name" : "Shay Banon" }'
curl -XPUT 'http://localhost:9200/kimchy/tweet/1' -d '
{
"user": "kimchy",
"postDate": "2009-11-15T13:12:00",
"message": "Trying out Elastic Search, so far so good?"
}'
curl -XPUT 'http://localhost:9200/kimchy/tweet/2' -d '
{
"user": "kimchy",
"postDate": "2009-11-15T14:12:12",
"message": "Another tweet, will it be indexed?"
}'
The above index information into the kimchy index, with two types, info and tweet. Each user will get his own special index.
Complete control on the index level is allowed. As an example, in the above case, we would want to change from the default 5 shards with 1 replica per index, to only 1 shard with 1 replica per index (== per twitter user). Here is how this can be done (the configuration can be in yaml as well):
curl -XPUT http://localhost:9200/another_user/ -d '
{
"index" : {
"numberOfShards" : 1,
"numberOfReplicas" : 1
}
}'
Search (and similar operations) are multi index aware. This means that we can easily search on more than one
index (twitter user), for example:
curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/kimchy,another_user/_search?pretty=true' -d '
{
"query" : {
"matchAll" : {}
}
}'
Or on all the indices:
curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/_search?pretty=true' -d '
{
"query" : {
"matchAll" : {}
}
}'
{One liner teaser}: And the cool part about that? You can easily search on multiple twitter users (indices), with different boost levels per user (index), making social search so much simpler (results from my friends rank higher than results from my friends friends).
Lets face it, things will fail….
ElasticSearch is a highly available and distributed search engine. Each index is broken down into shards, and each shard can have one or more replica. By default, an index is created with 5 shards and 1 replica per shard (5/1). There are many topologies that can be used, including 1/10 (improve search performance), or 20/1 (improve indexing performance, with search executed in a map reduce fashion across shards).
In order to play with Elastic Search distributed nature, simply bring more nodes up and shut down nodes. The system will continue to serve requests (make sure you use the correct http port) with the latest data indexed.
We have just covered a very small portion of what ElasticSearch is all about. For more information, please refer to: .
ElasticSearch uses Maven for its build system.
In order to create a distribution, simply run the mvn package -DskipTests command in the cloned directory.
The distribution will be created under target/releases.
This software is licensed under the Apache 2 license, quoted below.
Copyright 2009-2012 Shay Banon and ElasticSearch <http://www.elasticsearch.org>
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not
use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of
the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
the License.
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