18. Numpy怎样将数组读写到文件.ipynb · peiss/ant-learn-numpy

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18. Numpy怎样将数组读写到文件.ipynb 7.33 KB

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Numpy怎样将数组读写到文件\n",
    "\n",
    "本文档介绍的是Numpy以自己内建二进制的方式，将数组写出到文件，以及从文件加载数组；\n",
    "\n",
    "如果是文本、表格类数据，一般使用pandas这个类库做加载和处理，不用numpy\n",
    "\n",
    "几个方法：\n",
    "1. np.load(filename)：从.npy或者.npz文件中加载numpy数组  \n",
    "如果文件后缀是.npy返回单个数组，如果文件后缀是.npz返回多个数组的字典\n",
    "2. np.save(filename, arr)：将单个numpy数组保存到.npy文件中\n",
    "3. np.savez(filename, arra=arra, arrb=arrb)：将多个numpy数组保存到.npz未压缩的文件格式中\n",
    "4. np.savez_compressed(filename, arra=arra, arrb=arrb)：将多个numpy数组保存到.npz压缩的文件格式中\n",
    "\n",
    ".npy和.npz都是二进制格式文件，用纯文本编辑器打开都是乱码"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import numpy as np"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### 1. 使用np.save和np.load保存和加载单个数组"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([[ 0,  1,  2,  3],\n",
       "       [ 4,  5,  6,  7],\n",
       "       [ 8,  9, 10, 11]])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = np.arange(12).reshape(3,4)\n",
    "a"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# 把单个数组保存到.npy文件\n",
    "np.save(\"arr_a.npy\", a)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([[ 0,  1,  2,  3],\n",
       "       [ 4,  5,  6,  7],\n",
       "       [ 8,  9, 10, 11]])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 4,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# 从.npy文件加载单个数组\n",
    "b = np.load(\"arr_a.npy\")\n",
    "b"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### 2. 使用np.savez和np.load保存和加载多个数组"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([[ 0,  1,  2,  3],\n",
       "       [ 4,  5,  6,  7],\n",
       "       [ 8,  9, 10, 11]])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 5,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([[0.06355473, 0.69576567, 0.17754786],\n",
       "       [0.28343315, 0.29994149, 0.76737219]])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 6,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "b = np.random.rand(2, 3)\n",
    "b"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# 保存多个数组到一个文件\n",
    "np.savez(\"arr_ab.npz\", a=a, b=b)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "<numpy.lib.npyio.NpzFile at 0x255acde0a08>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 8,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# 从.npz读取多个数组，返回一个字典形式\n",
    "data = np.load(\"arr_ab.npz\")\n",
    "data"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([[ 0,  1,  2,  3],\n",
       "       [ 4,  5,  6,  7],\n",
       "       [ 8,  9, 10, 11]])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 9,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "data[\"a\"]"
   ]
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  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([[0.06355473, 0.69576567, 0.17754786],\n",
       "       [0.28343315, 0.29994149, 0.76737219]])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 10,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "data[\"b\"]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### 3. 使用np.savez_compressed和np.load保存和加载多个数组到压缩格式文件"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([[ 0,  1,  2,  3],\n",
       "       [ 4,  5,  6,  7],\n",
       "       [ 8,  9, 10, 11]])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 11,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([[0.06355473, 0.69576567, 0.17754786],\n",
       "       [0.28343315, 0.29994149, 0.76737219]])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 12,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "b"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# 保存多个数组到压缩文件\n",
    "np.savez_compressed(\"arr_ab_compressed.npz\", a=a, b=b)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# 同样用np.load加载.npz文件\n",
    "data = np.load(\"arr_ab_compressed.npz\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([[ 0,  1,  2,  3],\n",
       "       [ 4,  5,  6,  7],\n",
       "       [ 8,  9, 10, 11]])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 15,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
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    "data[\"a\"]"
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   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([[0.06355473, 0.69576567, 0.17754786],\n",
       "       [0.28343315, 0.29994149, 0.76737219]])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 16,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "data[\"b\"]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
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提交于 2021-04-20 22:43 . init

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