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<article
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<a href="/2023/03/20/%E8%99%9A%E6%8B%9F%E6%9C%BA%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8C/" class="article-date">
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<h1 id="虚拟机操作手册"><a href="#虚拟机操作手册" class="headerlink" title="虚拟机操作手册"></a>虚拟机操作手册</h1><h1 id="Cent-OS-7常用命令"><a href="#Cent-OS-7常用命令" class="headerlink" title="Cent OS 7常用命令"></a>Cent OS 7常用命令</h1><h2 id="系统命令"><a href="#系统命令" class="headerlink" title="系统命令"></a>系统命令</h2><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>命令</th>
<th>说明</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td><strong>su</strong></td>
<td>切换到root权限（与su有区别）</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>shutdown -h now</strong></td>
<td>关机</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>shutdown -r now</strong></td>
<td>重启</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>top</strong></td>
<td>列出使用CPU资源最多的linux任务 （输入q退出）</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>pstree</strong></td>
<td>以树状图显示程序</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>man ping</strong></td>
<td>查看参考手册（例如ping 命令）</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>passwd</strong></td>
<td>修改密码</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>df -h</strong></td>
<td>显示磁盘的使用情况</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>cal -3</strong></td>
<td>显示前一个月，当前月以及下一个月的月历</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>cal 4 1994</strong></td>
<td>显示指定月，年的月历（当前显示 1994年4月）</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>date –date ‘1970-01-01 UTC 1427888888 seconds’</strong></td>
<td>把一相对于1970-01-01 00:00的秒数转换成时间</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h2 id="网络命令"><a href="#网络命令" class="headerlink" title="网络命令"></a>网络命令</h2><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>命令</th>
<th>说明</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td><strong>ifconfig eth0</strong></td>
<td>显示一个以太网卡的配置</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>iwconfig eth1</strong></td>
<td>显示一个无线网卡的配置</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0</strong></td>
<td>配置网卡的IP地址</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>iwlist scan</strong></td>
<td>显示无线网络</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>ifdown eth0</strong></td>
<td>禁用 ‘eth0’ 网络设备</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>ip addr show</strong></td>
<td>显示网卡的IP地址</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>ifup eth0</strong></td>
<td>启用 ‘eth0’ 网络设备</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h2 id="文件目录"><a href="#文件目录" class="headerlink" title="文件目录"></a>文件目录</h2><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>命令</th>
<th>说明</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td><strong>cd /home</strong></td>
<td>进入 ‘/home’ 目录</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>cd ..</strong></td>
<td>返回上一级目录</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>cd ../..</strong></td>
<td>返回上两级目录</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>cd –</strong></td>
<td>返回上次所在目录</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>cp file1 file2</strong></td>
<td>将file1复制为file2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>cp -a dir1 dir2</strong></td>
<td>复制一个目录</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>cp -a /tmp/dir1 .</strong></td>
<td>复制一个目录到当前工作目录（.代表当前目录）</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>ls</strong></td>
<td>查看目录中的文件</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>ls -a</strong></td>
<td>显示隐藏文件</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>ls -l</strong></td>
<td>显示详细信息</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>ls -lrt</strong></td>
<td>按时间显示文件（l表示详细列表，r表示反向排序，t表示按时间排序）</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>pwd</strong></td>
<td>显示工作路径</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>mkdir dir1</strong></td>
<td>创建 ‘dir1’ 目录</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>mkdir dir1 dir2</strong></td>
<td>同时创建两个目录</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>mkdir -p /tmp/dir1/dir2</td>
<td>创建一个目录树</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>mv dir1 dir2</strong></td>
<td>移动/重命名一个目录</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>rm -f file1</strong></td>
<td>删除 ‘file1’</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>rm -rf dir1</strong></td>
<td>删除 ‘dir1’ 目录及其子目录内容</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<ul>
<li>**cd **是 change directory 的缩写，改变当前所在路径。</li>
<li>**ls **是 list 的缩写，查看文件目录的属性。</li>
<li>**pwd **是 print working directory 缩写，显示当前所在路径。</li>
<li>**mv **是 move 缩写，移动文件或者文件夹，也可以用来更改文件名</li>
<li>**mv file / **把文件file移动到根目录中</li>
<li>**mv file file_test **把文件file重命名为file_test</li>
<li>**rm **是 remove缩写，删除目录</li>
<li>**rm ‐f ‐‐force **强制删除，不询问是否要删除</li>
<li>**rm ‐r ‐‐recursive **递归删除，包括文件夹中的内容</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="文本内容处理"><a href="#文本内容处理" class="headerlink" title="文本内容处理"></a>文本内容处理</h2><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>命令</th>
<th>说明</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td><strong>grep str /tmp/test</strong></td>
<td>在文件 ‘/tmp/test’ 中查找 “str”</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>grep ^str /tmp/test</strong></td>
<td>在文件 ‘/tmp/test’ 中查找以 “str” 开始的行</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>grep [0-9] /tmp/test</strong></td>
<td>查找 ‘/tmp/test’ 文件中所有包含数字的行</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>grep str -r /tmp/*</strong></td>
<td>在目录 ‘/tmp’ 及其子目录中查找 “str”</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>diff file1 file2</strong></td>
<td>找出两个文件的不同处</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>sdiff file1 file2</strong></td>
<td>以对比的方式显示两个文件的不同</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>vi file i</strong></td>
<td>进入编辑文本模式</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>vi file Esc</strong></td>
<td>退出编辑文本模式</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>vi file :w</strong></td>
<td>保存当前修改</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>vi file :q</strong></td>
<td>不保存退出vi</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<ul>
<li><strong>grep</strong> 命令是 搜索内容中是否包含指定的字符串，并打印该行。</li>
<li><strong>grep ‐i ‐‐ignore‐case</strong> 忽略字符大小写的差别</li>
<li><strong>grep ‐v</strong> 输出没有指定字符串的文件</li>
<li><strong>grep ‐c</strong> 只输出匹配行的计数</li>
<li><strong>grep ‐R</strong> 连同子目录中所有文件一起查找</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="查看文件"><a href="#查看文件" class="headerlink" title="查看文件"></a>查看文件</h2><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>命令</th>
<th>说明</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td><strong>cat file1</strong></td>
<td>从第一个字节开始正向查看文件的内容</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>head -2 file1</strong></td>
<td>查看一个文件的前两行</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>more file1</strong></td>
<td>查看一个长文件的内容</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>tac file1</strong></td>
<td>从最后一行开始反向查看一个文件的内容</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>tail -3 file1</strong></td>
<td>查看一个文件的最后三行</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>vi file</strong></td>
<td>打开并浏览文件</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<ul>
<li><strong>cat</strong> 是 concatenate 缩写，用来查看文件内容，以及将几个文件连成一个文件。</li>
<li><strong>cat file1 file2 > file3</strong> 将文件file1 file2连成file3文件</li>
<li><strong>more</strong> 是最常用的工具之一，用来显示输出的内容，根据窗口的大小进行分页显示，并且提示文件的百分比。</li>
<li><strong>more +num</strong> 从第num行开始显示</li>
<li><strong>more ‐num</strong> 定义每屏显示num行</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="查询"><a href="#查询" class="headerlink" title="查询"></a>查询</h2><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>命令</th>
<th>说明</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td><strong>find / -name file1</strong></td>
<td>从 ‘/’ 开始进入根文件系统查找文件和目录</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>find / -user user1</strong></td>
<td>查找属于用户 ‘user1’ 的文件和目录</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>find /home/user1 -name *.bin</strong></td>
<td>在目录 ‘/ home/user1’ 中查找以 ‘.bin’ 结尾的文件</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>find /usr/bin -type f -atime +100</strong></td>
<td>查找在过去100天内未被使用过的执行文件</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>find /usr/bin -type f -mtime -10</strong></td>
<td>查找在10天内被创建或者修改过的文件</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>locate *.ps</strong></td>
<td>寻找以 ‘.ps’ 结尾的文件，先运行 ‘updatedb’ 命令</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>find -name ‘*.[ch]’ | xargs grep -E ‘expr’</strong></td>
<td>在当前目录及其子目录所有.c和.h文件中查找 ‘expr’</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>find -type f -print0 | xargs -r0 grep -F ‘expr’</strong></td>
<td>在当前目录及其子目录的常规文件中查找 ‘expr’</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>find -maxdepth 1 -type f | xargs grep -F ‘expr’</strong></td>
<td>在当前目录中查找 ‘expr’</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<ol>
<li><strong>find</strong>命令 直接在全文件系统上搜寻，功能强大，速度慢。使用格式：<ol>
<li><strong>find [path] [‐option] [ ‐print ‐exec ‐ok command ] {} \ </strong>;</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li><strong>path</strong> 要执行查找的目录<ol>
<li><strong>‐option</strong> 查找的具体方法</li>
<li><strong>‐print find</strong> 命令将匹配的文件输出到标准输出</li>
<li><strong>‐exec find</strong> 命令对匹配的文件执行该参数所给出的shell命令。相应命令的形式为’command’ {} ;，注意{}和\；之间的空格</li>
<li><strong>‐ok</strong> <strong>和‐exec</strong> 的作用相同，只不过以一种更为安全的模式来执行该参数所给出的shell命令，在执行每一个命令之前，都会给出提示，让用户来确定是否执行。</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="压缩、解压"><a href="#压缩、解压" class="headerlink" title="压缩、解压"></a>压缩、解压</h2><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>命令</th>
<th>说明</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td><strong>bzip2 file1</strong></td>
<td>压缩 file1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>bunzip2 file1.bz2</strong></td>
<td>解压 file1.bz2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>gzip file1</strong></td>
<td>压缩 file1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>gzip -9 file1</strong></td>
<td>最大程度压缩 file1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>gunzip file1.gz</strong></td>
<td>解压 file1.gz</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>tar -cvf archive.tar file1</strong></td>
<td>把file1打包成 archive.tar（-c: 建立压缩档案；-v: 显示所有过程； -f: 使用档案名字，是必须的，是最后一个参数）</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>tar -cvf archive.tar file1 dir1</strong></td>
<td>把 file1，dir1 打包成 archive.tar</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>tar -tf archive.tar</strong></td>
<td>显示一个包中的内容</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>tar -xvf archive.tar</strong></td>
<td>释放一个包</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>tar -xvf archive.tar -C /tmp</strong></td>
<td>把压缩包释放到 /tmp目录下</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>zip file1.zip file1</strong></td>
<td>创建一个zip格式的压缩包</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>zip -r file1.zip file1 dir1</strong></td>
<td>把文件和目录压缩成一个zip格式的压缩包</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>unzip file1.zip</strong></td>
<td>解压一个zip格式的压缩包到当前目录</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>unzip test.zip -d /tmp/</strong></td>
<td>解压一个zip格式的压缩包到 /tmp 目录</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h2 id="yum安装器"><a href="#yum安装器" class="headerlink" title="yum安装器"></a>yum安装器</h2><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>命令</th>
<th>说明</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td><strong>yum -y install [package]</strong></td>
<td>下载并安装一个rpm包</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>yum localinstall [package.rpm]</strong></td>
<td>安装一个rpm包，使用你自己的软件仓库解决所有依赖关系</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>yum -y update</strong></td>
<td>更新当前系统中安装的所有rpm包</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>yum update [package]</strong></td>
<td>更新一个rpm包</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>yum remove [package]</strong></td>
<td>删除一个rpm包</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>yum list</strong></td>
<td>列出当前系统中安装的所有包</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>yum search [package]</strong></td>
<td>在rpm仓库中搜寻软件包</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>yum clean [package]</strong></td>
<td>清除缓存目录（/var/cache/yum）下的软件包</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>yum clean headers</strong></td>
<td>删除所有头文件</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>yum clean all</strong></td>
<td>删除所有缓存的包和头文件</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h2 id="systemctl命令"><a href="#systemctl命令" class="headerlink" title="systemctl命令"></a>systemctl命令</h2><figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 开机运行服务：</span></span><br><span class="line">systemctl <span class="built_in">enable</span> *.service</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 取消开机运行</span></span><br><span class="line">systemctl <span class="built_in">disable</span> *.service</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 启动服务</span></span><br><span class="line">systemctl start *.service</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 停止服务</span></span><br><span class="line">systemctl stop *.service</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 重启服务</span></span><br><span class="line">systemctl restart *.service</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 重新加载服务配置文件</span></span><br><span class="line">systemctl reload *.service</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 查询服务运行状态</span></span><br><span class="line">systemctl status *.service</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 显示启动失败的服务</span></span><br><span class="line">systemctl --failed</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="防火墙命令"><a href="#防火墙命令" class="headerlink" title="防火墙命令"></a>防火墙命令</h2><figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 开启防火墙</span></span><br><span class="line">systemctl start firewalld</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 查看版本：</span></span><br><span class="line">firewall-cmd --version</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 查看帮助：</span></span><br><span class="line">firewall-cmd --<span class="built_in">help</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 显示状态：</span></span><br><span class="line">firewall-cmd --state</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 查看端口：</span></span><br><span class="line">firewall-cmd --list-port</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 开放端口：</span></span><br><span class="line">firewall-cmd --add-port=80/tcp --permanent</span><br><span class="line">firewall-cmd --add-port=20000-20010/tcp --permanent</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 禁用端口：</span></span><br><span class="line">firewall-cmd --remove-port=80/tcp --permanent</span><br><span class="line">firewall-cmd --remove-port=20000-20010/tcp --permanent</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 查看端口号是否开放成功，输出yes开放成功，no则失败</span></span><br><span class="line">firewall-cmd --zone=public --query-port=27017/tcp</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 重新加载防火墙规则：</span></span><br><span class="line">firewall-cmd --reload</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 开放/关闭服务端口：</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 打开FTP服务：</span></span><br><span class="line">firewall-cmd --add-service=ftp --permanent</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 关闭FTP服务：</span></span><br><span class="line">firewall-cmd --remove-service=ftp --permanent</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">## 参数 --permanent，表示永久生效</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="权限设置命令"><a href="#权限设置命令" class="headerlink" title="权限设置命令"></a>权限设置命令</h2><p>Linux 系统中，文件的基本权限由 9 个字符组成，以 rwxrw-r-x 为例，我们可以使用数字来代表各个权限，各个权限与数字的对应关系如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">r --> 4</span><br><span class="line">w --> 2</span><br><span class="line">x --> 1</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>由于这 9 个字符分属 3 类用户，因此每种用户身份包含 3 个权限（r、w、x），通过将 3 个权限对应的数字累加，最终得到的值即可作为每种用户所具有的权限。</p>
<p>拿 rwxrw-r-x 来说，所有者、所属组和其他人分别对应的权限值为：</p>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">所有者 = rwx = 4+2+1 = 7</span><br><span class="line">所属组 = rw- = 4+2 = 6</span><br><span class="line">其他人 = r-x = 4+1 = 5</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>所以，此权限对应的权限值就是 765。</p>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">chmod</span> [-R] 权限值 文件名</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>-R（注意是大写）选项表示连同子目录中的所有文件，也都修改设定的权限。</p>
<h2 id="写入空白到文件"><a href="#写入空白到文件" class="headerlink" title="写入空白到文件"></a>写入空白到文件</h2><figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">cd</span> /data1/tomcat8/tomcat/log</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">echo</span> -n <span class="string">" "</span> > catalina.out</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h1 id="CentOS-7虚拟机部署操作"><a href="#CentOS-7虚拟机部署操作" class="headerlink" title="CentOS 7虚拟机部署操作"></a>CentOS 7虚拟机部署操作</h1><h2 id="修改网卡"><a href="#修改网卡" class="headerlink" title="修改网卡"></a>修改网卡</h2><ol>
<li><p>查看所有网卡信息</p>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">ip a</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">link</span>/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00</span><br><span class="line"> inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo</span><br><span class="line"> valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever</span><br><span class="line"> inet6 ::1/128 scope host </span><br><span class="line"> valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever</span><br><span class="line">2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000 <span class="built_in">link</span>/ether 00:0c:29:46:fa:ef brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff</span><br><span class="line"> inet 192.168.220.129/24 brd 192.168.220.255 scope global noprefixroute dynamic ens33</span><br><span class="line"> valid_lft 1348sec preferred_lft 1348sec</span><br><span class="line"> inet6 fe80::20bd:8254:8e89:8a50/64 scope <span class="built_in">link</span> noprefixroute </span><br><span class="line"> valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>这里以第二张网卡<code>ens33</code>进行示例</p>
</li>
<li><p>修改对应网卡配置文件</p>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>内容如下</p>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">TYPE=Ethernet</span><br><span class="line">PROXY_METHOD=none</span><br><span class="line">BROWSER_ONLY=no</span><br><span class="line">BOOTPROTO=dhcp</span><br><span class="line">DEFROUTE=<span class="built_in">yes</span></span><br><span class="line">IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no</span><br><span class="line">IPV6INIT=<span class="built_in">yes</span></span><br><span class="line">IPV6_AUTOCONF=<span class="built_in">yes</span></span><br><span class="line">IPV6_DEFROUTE=<span class="built_in">yes</span></span><br><span class="line">IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no</span><br><span class="line">IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy</span><br><span class="line">NAME=ens33</span><br><span class="line">UUID=fd92ff57-ba9a-41c9-8545-0f61c519ba0c</span><br><span class="line">DEVICE=ens33</span><br><span class="line">ONBOOT=no</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>修改下列两个选项</p>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">BOOTPROTO=static</span><br><span class="line">ONBOOT=<span class="built_in">yes</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>并在后面添加如下内容(以下内容根据自己网络情况配置)</p>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">IPADDR=192.168.131.130</span><br><span class="line">NETMASK=255.255.255.0</span><br><span class="line">GATEWAY=192.168.131.255</span><br><span class="line">DNS1=114.114.114.114</span><br><span class="line">DNS2=8.8.8.8 </span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>重启网络服务</p>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">systemctl restart network</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>测试是否配置成功</p>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">ip a</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
</ol>
<h2 id="更换yum源"><a href="#更换yum源" class="headerlink" title="更换yum源"></a>更换yum源</h2><p><strong>yum源的默认仓库文件夹是 <code>/etc/yum.repos.d/</code>，只有在这个目录<code>第一层</code>的*.repo结尾的文件，才会被yum读取</strong></p>
<ol>
<li><p>下载<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://so.csdn.net/so/search?q=wget&spm=1001.2101.3001.7020">wget</a>命令</p>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">yum install wget -y <span class="comment"># wget命令就是在线下载一个url的静态资源</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>备份旧的<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://so.csdn.net/so/search?q=yum&spm=1001.2101.3001.7020">yum</a>仓库源</p>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">cd</span> /etc/yum.repos.d</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">mkdir</span> repobak <span class="comment"># 创建文件夹，保存备份文件</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">mv</span> *.repo repobak <span class="comment">#备份repo文件到文件</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>清理旧包</p>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">yum clean all</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>下载新的阿里的yum源仓库</p>
<p>阿里的开源镜像：<code>https://developer.aliyun.com/mirror/</code></p>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>继续下载第二个仓库 epel仓库</p>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>此时已经配置完毕，2个新的yum仓库，可以下载软件</p>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[root@s25linux yum.repos.d]<span class="comment"># ls</span></span><br><span class="line">CentOS-Base.repo epel.repo repobak</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>生成yum源缓存并更新yum源</p>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">yum makecache</span><br><span class="line">yum update</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
</ol>
<h2 id="虚拟机安装tools"><a href="#虚拟机安装tools" class="headerlink" title="虚拟机安装tools"></a>虚拟机安装tools</h2><ol>
<li><p>虚拟机管理平台挂载tools</p>
</li>
<li><p>创建挂在文件夹</p>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">mkdir</span> /root/nmt/</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>挂载镜像至刚才创建的文件夹下</p>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">mount /dev/sr0 /root/nmt/</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>查看挂载文件</p>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">cd</span> /root/nmt/</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">ls</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>内容如下</p>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">manifest.txt VMwareTools-10.3.10-13959562.tar.gz vmware-tools-upgrader-64</span><br><span class="line">run_upgrader.sh vmware-tools-upgrader-32</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>将安装包复制到该文件夹<code>/root/</code>下</p>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">cp</span> vmtools-3.0.0.011.tar.bz2 /root/</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>进入<code>/root/</code>文件夹下解压文件</p>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">cd</span> /root/</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># tar -zxvf VMwareTools-10.3.10-13959562.tar.gz</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 若为Fusion Compute平台则使用下面命令解压文件</span></span><br><span class="line">tar -xjvf vmtools-3.0.0.011.tar.bz2</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>解压报错建议更新yum源并安装tar包</p>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">yum update</span><br><span class="line">yum -y install tar</span><br><span class="line">yum -y install perl</span><br><span class="line">yum -y install bzip2</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>解压目录并安装</p>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">cd</span> .. </span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">cd</span> vmware-tools-distrib</span><br><span class="line">sudo ./vmware-install.pl</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>重启电脑即可</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-bash"><span class="built_in">mkdir</span> /root/nmt/</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">mount /dev/sr0 /root/nmt/</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">cd /root/nmt/</span><br><span class="line">ls</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">cp vmtools-3.0.0.011.tar.bz2 /root/</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">cd /root/</span><br><span class="line">tar -xjvf vmtools-3.0.0.011.tar.bz2</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">cd vmtools</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">sh install</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
</ol>
<h2 id="修改ssh端口"><a href="#修改ssh端口" class="headerlink" title="修改ssh端口"></a>修改ssh端口</h2><ol>
<li><p>编辑ssh配置文件</p>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>修改端口</p>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Port 222 <span class="comment"># 这里修改成自己设置的端口</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#Port 22</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>添加ssh监听端口</p>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">semanage port -a -t ssh_port_t -p tcp 222</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>若报错，安装policycoreutils-python软件包</p>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">yum install policycoreutils-python -y</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>安装完成再次执行添加ssh监听端口</p>
</li>
<li><p>查看端口是否添加成功</p>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">semanage port -l|grep ssh</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>结果如下</p>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">ssh_port_t tcp 222, 22</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>将刚才修改的端口添加到防火墙规则</p>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=222/tcp --permanent <span class="comment"># 这里222修改成自己设置的端口</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>重新加载防火墙策略</p>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">firewall-cmd --reload</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>重启SSH服务和防火墙，最好也重启下服务器：</p>
</li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">systemctl restart sshd</span><br><span class="line">systemctl restart firewalld.service</span><br><span class="line">reb</span><br><span class="line">shutdown -r now</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ol start="8">
<li>重新ssh连接测试</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="新增硬盘扩容至根目录"><a href="#新增硬盘扩容至根目录" class="headerlink" title="新增硬盘扩容至根目录"></a>新增硬盘扩容至根目录</h2><ol>
<li><p>查看分区状况</p>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[root@localhost ~]<span class="comment"># df -h</span></span><br><span class="line">文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点</span><br><span class="line">/dev/mapper/centos-root 100G 5.0G 96G 5% /</span><br><span class="line">devtmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev</span><br><span class="line">tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev/shm</span><br><span class="line">tmpfs 16G 97M 16G 1% /run</span><br><span class="line">tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup</span><br><span class="line">/dev/vda1 1014M 208M 807M 21% /boot</span><br><span class="line">/dev/mapper/centos-home 92G 37M 92G 1% /home</span><br><span class="line">tmpfs 3.2G 32K 3.2G 1% /run/user/0</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>根目录为<code>/dev/mapper/centos-root</code></p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[root@localhost ~]# lsblk</span><br><span class="line">NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT</span><br><span class="line">sr0 11:0 1 422K 0 rom </span><br><span class="line">vda 252:0 0 200G 0 disk </span><br><span class="line">├─vda1 252:1 0 1G 0 part /boot</span><br><span class="line">└─vda2 252:2 0 199G 0 part </span><br><span class="line"> ├─centos-root 253:0 0 100G 0 lvm /</span><br><span class="line"> ├─centos-swap 253:1 0 7.9G 0 lvm [SWAP]</span><br><span class="line"> └─centos-home 253:2 0 91.1G 0 lvm /home</span><br><span class="line">vdb 252:16 0 200G 0 disk</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>新建分区，并将id改为8e</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br><span class="line">57</span><br><span class="line">58</span><br><span class="line">59</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/vdb</span><br><span class="line">欢迎使用 fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2)。</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">更改将停留在内存中，直到您决定将更改写入磁盘。</span><br><span class="line">使用写入命令前请三思。</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">Device does not contain a recognized partition table</span><br><span class="line">使用磁盘标识符 0x227b5082 创建新的 DOS 磁盘标签。</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：n</span><br><span class="line">Partition type:</span><br><span class="line"> p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)</span><br><span class="line"> e extended</span><br><span class="line">Select (default p): p</span><br><span class="line">分区号 (1-4，默认 1)：</span><br><span class="line">起始 扇区 (2048-419430399，默认为 2048)：</span><br><span class="line">将使用默认值 2048</span><br><span class="line">Last 扇区, +扇区 or +size{K,M,G} (2048-419430399，默认为 419430399)：</span><br><span class="line">将使用默认值 419430399</span><br><span class="line">分区 1 已设置为 Linux 类型，大小设为 200 GiB</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：t</span><br><span class="line">已选择分区 1</span><br><span class="line">Hex 代码(输入 L 列出所有代码)：l</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> 0 空 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / 旧 Linu bf Solaris </span><br><span class="line"> 1 FAT12 27 隐藏的 NTFS Win 82 Linux 交换 / So c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT-</span><br><span class="line"> 2 XENIX root 39 Plan 9 83 Linux c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT-</span><br><span class="line"> 3 XENIX usr 3c PartitionMagic 84 OS/2 隐藏的 C: c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT-</span><br><span class="line"> 4 FAT16 <32M 40 Venix 80286 85 Linux 扩展 c7 Syrinx </span><br><span class="line"> 5 扩展 41 PPC PReP Boot 86 NTFS 卷集 da 非文件系统数据 </span><br><span class="line"> 6 FAT16 42 SFS 87 NTFS 卷集 db CP/M / CTOS / .</span><br><span class="line"> 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT 4d QNX4.x 88 Linux 纯文本 de Dell 工具 </span><br><span class="line"> 8 AIX 4e QNX4.x 第2部分 8e Linux LVM df BootIt </span><br><span class="line"> 9 AIX 可启动 4f QNX4.x 第3部分 93 Amoeba e1 DOS 访问 </span><br><span class="line"> a OS/2 启动管理器 50 OnTrack DM 94 Amoeba BBT e3 DOS R/O </span><br><span class="line"> b W95 FAT32 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 9f BSD/OS e4 SpeedStor </span><br><span class="line"> c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 52 CP/M a0 IBM Thinkpad 休 eb BeOS fs </span><br><span class="line"> e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a5 FreeBSD ee GPT </span><br><span class="line"> f W95 扩展 (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a6 OpenBSD ef EFI (FAT-12/16/</span><br><span class="line">10 OPUS 55 EZ-Drive a7 NeXTSTEP f0 Linux/PA-RISC </span><br><span class="line">11 隐藏的 FAT12 56 Golden Bow a8 Darwin UFS f1 SpeedStor </span><br><span class="line">12 Compaq 诊断 5c Priam Edisk a9 NetBSD f4 SpeedStor </span><br><span class="line">14 隐藏的 FAT16 <3 61 SpeedStor ab Darwin 启动 f2 DOS 次要 </span><br><span class="line">16 隐藏的 FAT16 63 GNU HURD or Sys af HFS / HFS+ fb VMware VMFS </span><br><span class="line">17 隐藏的 HPFS/NTF 64 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fc VMware VMKCORE </span><br><span class="line">18 AST 智能睡眠 65 Novell Netware b8 BSDI swap fd Linux raid 自动</span><br><span class="line">1b 隐藏的 W95 FAT3 70 DiskSecure 多启 bb Boot Wizard 隐 fe LANstep </span><br><span class="line">1c 隐藏的 W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX be Solaris 启动 ff BBT </span><br><span class="line">1e 隐藏的 W95 FAT1 80 旧 Minix </span><br><span class="line">Hex 代码(输入 L 列出所有代码)：8e</span><br><span class="line">已将分区“Linux”的类型更改为“Linux LVM”</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：w</span><br><span class="line">The partition table has been altered!</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.</span><br><span class="line">正在同步磁盘。</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>刷新并查看sdb1是否存在</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[root@localhost ~]# partprobe</span><br><span class="line">[root@localhost ~]# lsblk</span><br><span class="line">NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT</span><br><span class="line">sr0 11:0 1 422K 0 rom </span><br><span class="line">vda 252:0 0 200G 0 disk </span><br><span class="line">├─vda1 252:1 0 1G 0 part /boot</span><br><span class="line">└─vda2 252:2 0 199G 0 part </span><br><span class="line"> ├─centos-root 253:0 0 100G 0 lvm /</span><br><span class="line"> ├─centos-swap 253:1 0 7.9G 0 lvm [SWAP]</span><br><span class="line"> └─centos-home 253:2 0 91.1G 0 lvm /home</span><br><span class="line">vdb 252:16 0 200G 0 disk </span><br><span class="line">└─vdb1 252:17 0 200G 0 part </span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>使用lvm命令新建卷/dev/vdb1,并将其加载到卷组centos中</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br><span class="line">57</span><br><span class="line">58</span><br><span class="line">59</span><br><span class="line">60</span><br><span class="line">61</span><br><span class="line">62</span><br><span class="line">63</span><br><span class="line">64</span><br><span class="line">65</span><br><span class="line">66</span><br><span class="line">67</span><br><span class="line">68</span><br><span class="line">69</span><br><span class="line">70</span><br><span class="line">71</span><br><span class="line">72</span><br><span class="line">73</span><br><span class="line">74</span><br><span class="line">75</span><br><span class="line">76</span><br><span class="line">77</span><br><span class="line">78</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[root@localhost ~]# lvm</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">lvm> </span><span class="language-bash">pvcreate /dev/vdb1</span></span><br><span class="line"> Physical volume "/dev/vdb1" successfully created.</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">lvm> </span><span class="language-bash">pvdisplay</span></span><br><span class="line"> --- Physical volume ---</span><br><span class="line"> PV Name /dev/vda2</span><br><span class="line"> VG Name centos</span><br><span class="line"> PV Size <199.00 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB</span><br><span class="line"> Allocatable yes </span><br><span class="line"> PE Size 4.00 MiB</span><br><span class="line"> Total PE 50943</span><br><span class="line"> Free PE 1</span><br><span class="line"> Allocated PE 50942</span><br><span class="line"> PV UUID C4fWly-FXW2-0YNu-sCiK-96RD-yyfJ-TdmKn9</span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line"> "/dev/vdb1" is a new physical volume of "<200.00 GiB"</span><br><span class="line"> --- NEW Physical volume ---</span><br><span class="line"> PV Name /dev/vdb1</span><br><span class="line"> VG Name </span><br><span class="line"> PV Size <200.00 GiB</span><br><span class="line"> Allocatable NO</span><br><span class="line"> PE Size 0 </span><br><span class="line"> Total PE 0</span><br><span class="line"> Free PE 0</span><br><span class="line"> Allocated PE 0</span><br><span class="line"> PV UUID sQkrz3-twIl-IXZk-k2xV-8C5c-bAKf-syXCRD</span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">lvm> </span><span class="language-bash">vgdisplay</span></span><br><span class="line"> --- Volume group ---</span><br><span class="line"> VG Name centos</span><br><span class="line"> System ID </span><br><span class="line"> Format lvm2</span><br><span class="line"> Metadata Areas 1</span><br><span class="line"> Metadata Sequence No 4</span><br><span class="line"> VG Access read/write</span><br><span class="line"> VG Status resizable</span><br><span class="line"> MAX LV 0</span><br><span class="line"> Cur LV 3</span><br><span class="line"> Open LV 3</span><br><span class="line"> Max PV 0</span><br><span class="line"> Cur PV 1</span><br><span class="line"> Act PV 1</span><br><span class="line"> VG Size <199.00 GiB</span><br><span class="line"> PE Size 4.00 MiB</span><br><span class="line"> Total PE 50943</span><br><span class="line"> Alloc PE / Size 50942 / 198.99 GiB</span><br><span class="line"> Free PE / Size 1 / 4.00 MiB</span><br><span class="line"> VG UUID p6KwrN-dHe7-5tT0-6lo9-mOPO-qtUh-jHthEp</span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">lvm> </span><span class="language-bash">vgextend centos /dev/vdb1</span></span><br><span class="line"> Volume group "centos" successfully extended</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">lvm> </span><span class="language-bash">vgdisplay</span></span><br><span class="line"> --- Volume group ---</span><br><span class="line"> VG Name centos</span><br><span class="line"> System ID </span><br><span class="line"> Format lvm2</span><br><span class="line"> Metadata Areas 2</span><br><span class="line"> Metadata Sequence No 5</span><br><span class="line"> VG Access read/write</span><br><span class="line"> VG Status resizable</span><br><span class="line"> MAX LV 0</span><br><span class="line"> Cur LV 3</span><br><span class="line"> Open LV 3</span><br><span class="line"> Max PV 0</span><br><span class="line"> Cur PV 2</span><br><span class="line"> Act PV 2</span><br><span class="line"> VG Size 398.99 GiB</span><br><span class="line"> PE Size 4.00 MiB</span><br><span class="line"> Total PE 102142</span><br><span class="line"> Alloc PE / Size 50942 / 198.99 GiB</span><br><span class="line"> Free PE / Size 51200 / 200.00 GiB</span><br><span class="line"> VG UUID p6KwrN-dHe7-5tT0-6lo9-mOPO-qtUh-jHthEp</span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">lvm> </span><span class="language-bash">lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/centos/root</span></span><br><span class="line"> Size of logical volume centos/root changed from 100.00 GiB (25600 extents) to 300.00 GiB (76800 extents).</span><br><span class="line"> Logical volume centos/root successfully resized.</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">lvm> </span><span class="language-bash"><span class="built_in">exit</span></span></span><br><span class="line"> Exiting.</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>这里的/dev/centos/root不能随便改成centos-root。LVM逻辑卷管理，根文件系统建立在卷组（VG）centos上的逻辑卷（LV）上，逻辑卷名是root而不是直接建在硬盘分区上</p>
</li>
<li><p>之前只是对逻辑卷扩容，还要同步到文件系统，实现对根目录的扩容</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[root@localhost ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/centos/root</span><br><span class="line">meta-data=/dev/mapper/centos-root isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=6553600 blks</span><br><span class="line"> = sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1</span><br><span class="line"> = crc=1 finobt=0 spinodes=0</span><br><span class="line">data = bsize=4096 blocks=26214400, imaxpct=25</span><br><span class="line"> = sunit=0 swidth=0 blks</span><br><span class="line">naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1</span><br><span class="line">log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=12800, version=2</span><br><span class="line"> = sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1</span><br><span class="line">realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0</span><br><span class="line">data blocks changed from 26214400 to 78643200</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">[root@localhost ~]# df -h</span><br><span class="line">文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点</span><br><span class="line">/dev/mapper/centos-root 300G 5.0G 296G 2% /</span><br><span class="line">devtmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev</span><br><span class="line">tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev/shm</span><br><span class="line">tmpfs 16G 97M 16G 1% /run</span><br><span class="line">tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup</span><br><span class="line">/dev/vda1 1014M 208M 807M 21% /boot</span><br><span class="line">/dev/mapper/centos-home 92G 37M 92G 1% /home</span><br><span class="line">tmpfs 3.2G 32K 3.2G 1% /run/user/0</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>检查对比</p>
<p>以下为扩容前后文件系统详情</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[root@localhost ~]# df -h</span><br><span class="line">文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点</span><br><span class="line">/dev/mapper/centos-root 100G 5.0G 96G 5% /</span><br><span class="line">devtmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev</span><br><span class="line">tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev/shm</span><br><span class="line">tmpfs 16G 97M 16G 1% /run</span><br><span class="line">tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup</span><br><span class="line">/dev/vda1 1014M 208M 807M 21% /boot</span><br><span class="line">/dev/mapper/centos-home 92G 37M 92G 1% /home</span><br><span class="line">tmpfs 3.2G 32K 3.2G 1% /run/user/0</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">[root@localhost ~]# df -h</span><br><span class="line">文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点</span><br><span class="line">/dev/mapper/centos-root 300G 5.0G 296G 2% /</span><br><span class="line">devtmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev</span><br><span class="line">tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev/shm</span><br><span class="line">tmpfs 16G 97M 16G 1% /run</span><br><span class="line">tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup</span><br><span class="line">/dev/vda1 1014M 208M 807M 21% /boot</span><br><span class="line">/dev/mapper/centos-home 92G 37M 92G 1% /home</span><br><span class="line">tmpfs 3.2G 32K 3.2G 1% /run/user/0</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>根目录容量已从100G扩容至300G</p>
</li>
</ol>
<h1 id="CentOS-7-常用软件安装"><a href="#CentOS-7-常用软件安装" class="headerlink" title="CentOS 7 常用软件安装"></a>CentOS 7 常用软件安装</h1><h2 id="基本命令"><a href="#基本命令" class="headerlink" title="基本命令"></a>基本命令</h2><figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">clear |清屏|</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">pwd</span> |显示当前路径|</span><br><span class="line">more |显示文本文档|</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">uname</span> -a |查看当前核心版本号|</span><br><span class="line">free |查看剩余内存|</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">df</span> -h |[查看磁盘剩余空间]|</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">du</span> -sh <<span class="built_in">dir</span>> |查看文件夹名<span class="string">"dir"</span>占用的空间|</span><br><span class="line">lsof -i:8080 |查看8080端口是否被占用|</span><br><span class="line">find . -name <span class="string">"filename.txt"</span> |搜索当前目录下filename.txt文件，包括各级子目录|</span><br><span class="line">groupadd abc |创建一个名为abc的用户组|</span><br><span class="line">useradd -g abc abc |在abc组里添加一个名为abc的用户|</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">chown</span> sammy ~/dir |将目录<span class="built_in">dir</span>的拥有者设为用户sammy|</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">cut</span> -d : -f 1 /etc/passwd |查看所有用户|</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">cat</span> /etc/grou |查看所有用户组|</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">tail</span> -n 20 filename |显示filename最后20行|</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">chmod</span> -R 777 <span class="built_in">dir</span> |将目录<span class="built_in">dir</span>整体变为777|</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">rm</span> -rf <span class="built_in">dir</span> |整体删除<span class="built_in">dir</span>|</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">cp</span> -r -a ./* /dir |将当前路径下所有文件包括子目录全部拷贝到<span class="built_in">dir</span>|</span><br><span class="line">tar -xvzf filename |解压缩gz文件|</span><br><span class="line">gzip -d filename |解压缩gz文件|</span><br><span class="line">unzip -x filename |解压缩zip文件|</span><br><span class="line">zip -r filename.zip ./* |压缩当前目录下全部内容|</span><br><span class="line">rpm -ivh filename |安装一个包|</span><br><span class="line">rpm -Uvh filename |升级一个包|</span><br><span class="line">rpm -e <filename> |卸载一个包|</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">nohup</span> cmds >/dev/null 2>&1 & |无任何输出或<span class="built_in">log</span>，在后台运行一个cmds指令|</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="前置操作"><a href="#前置操作" class="headerlink" title="前置操作"></a>前置操作</h2><ol>
<li><p>系统安装部署</p>
</li>
<li><p>ip设置</p>
</li>
<li><p>换源<br>如果阿里源出错，可换成网易源</p>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sudo wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>更新</p>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 刷新缓存</span></span><br><span class="line">sudo yum makecache</span><br><span class="line">sudo yum -y update</span><br><span class="line">sudo yum -y upgrade</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
</ol>
<h2 id="安装Apache"><a href="#安装Apache" class="headerlink" title="安装Apache:"></a>安装Apache:</h2><figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 安装</span></span><br><span class="line">yum install httpd.x86_64 </span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 启动</span></span><br><span class="line">systemctl start httpd.service </span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 自启</span></span><br><span class="line">systemctl <span class="built_in">enable</span> httpd.service</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<blockquote>
<p>然后到浏览器那边测试一下：http://服务器ip</p>
<p>会出现一个Testing 1.2.3的测试页。</p>
<p>Apache的主页默认路径： /var/www/html/</p>
<p>Apache的主设置文件路径：/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf</p>
<p>如果打不开尝试放开80端口后，再次刷新网页即可。</p>
</blockquote>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=80/tcp --permanent</span><br><span class="line">firewall-cmd --reload</span><br><span class="line">systemctl restart firewalld.service</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="安装MySQL8"><a href="#安装MySQL8" class="headerlink" title="安装MySQL8"></a>安装MySQL8</h2><ol>
<li><p>卸载mariadb</p>
<blockquote>
<p>mariadb 这个是 Linux 系统自带的数据库系统，跟 MySQL 冲突，所以一般先卸载这个没用的数据库。</p>
</blockquote>
<p>查看 mariadb</p>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">rpm -qa | grep mariadb</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>结果如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">mariadb-libs-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>卸载</p>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">rpm -ev --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>下载MySQL</p>
<ul>
<li><p>官网下载</p>
<blockquote>
<p>官网地址：</p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/">MySQL :: Download MySQL Community Server</a></p>
<img src="img/虚拟机操作手册/image-20221125100658139.png" alt="image-20221125100658139" style="zoom: 40%;" />
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><p>wget下载</p>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-8.0.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>安装MySQL</p>
<blockquote>
<p>创建安装目录并上传下载好的包到安装目录(/usr/local/mysql)解压</p>
</blockquote>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">cd</span> /usr/local/</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">mkdir</span> mysql</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">cd</span> mysql</span><br><span class="line">ll</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># mysql-8.0.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 如果没有下载的下载,以下载或上传至此文件夹的不用执行下一步</span></span><br><span class="line">wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-8.0.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">tar -xvf mysql-8.0.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># mysql-community-client-8.0.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># mysql-community-common-8.0.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># mysql-community-devel-8.0.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># mysql-community-embedded-compat-8.0.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># mysql-community-libs-8.0.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># mysql-community-libs-compat-8.0.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># mysql-community-server-8.0.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># mysql-community-test-8.0.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<blockquote>
<p>注意：需要按照以下安装顺序进行安装，否则会出问题<br> 安装顺序：COMMON –> LIB –> LIB-COMPAT –> CLIENT –> SERVER<br> 依次执行以下命令，提示100%字样表示安装成功</p>
</blockquote>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-8.0.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm --nodeps --force</span><br><span class="line">rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-8.0.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm --nodeps --force</span><br><span class="line">rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-compat-8.0.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm --nodeps --force</span><br><span class="line">rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-8.0.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm --nodeps --force</span><br><span class="line">rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-8.0.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm --nodeps --force</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">rpm -qa | grep mysql</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># mysql-community-libs-8.0.22-1.el7.x86_64</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># mysql-community-common-8.0.22-1.el7.x86_64</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># mysql-community-libs-compat-8.0.22-1.el7.x86_64</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># mysql-community-server-8.0.22-1.el7.x86_64</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># mysql-community-client-8.0.22-1.el7.x86_64</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>初始化</p>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">mysqld --initialize;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">chown</span> mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql -R;</span><br><span class="line">systemctl start mysqld.service;</span><br><span class="line">systemctl <span class="built_in">enable</span> mysqld;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>修改MySQL密码</p>
<p>查看数据库默认随记密码</p>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">cat</span> /var/log/mysqld.log | grep password</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>使用随记密码登录 MySQL</p>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">mysql -uroot -p</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>修改 MySQL 密码,“yourPassword” 记得修改为自己的密码</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'yourPassword';</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>设置远程登录</p>
<p>选择mysql数据库</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">use mysql;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>修改user表使其root用户可以通过远程连接</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">update user set host = '%' where user = 'root';</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>刷新权限并退出</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">flush privileges;</span><br><span class="line">\q;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>开放防火墙端口</p>
<p>开放端口进行远程链接</p>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">firewall-cmd --reload</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>查看开放端口</p>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">firewall-cmd --list-ports</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>测试连接是否正常</p>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">mysql -uroot -p -h 192.168.220.2 <span class="comment"># 192.168.220.2 修改为该主机ip</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
</ol>
<h1 id="Windows"><a href="#Windows" class="headerlink" title="Windows"></a>Windows</h1><h2 id="修改远程桌面端口"><a href="#修改远程桌面端口" class="headerlink" title="修改远程桌面端口"></a>修改远程桌面端口</h2><ol>
<li><p><strong>方法一</strong><br>通过远程桌面客户端连接到计算机（Windows 客户端或 Windows Server）时，计算机上的远程桌面功能会通过定义的侦听端口（默认情况下为 3389）“侦听”连接请求。 可以通过修改注册表来更改 Windows 计算机上的侦听端口。</p>
<ol>
<li>启动注册表编辑器。 （在“搜索”框中键入 regedit。）</li>
<li>导航到以下注册表子项：<strong>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server\WinStations\RDP-Tcp</strong></li>
<li>查找端口号</li>
<li>单击“编辑”“修改”，然后单击“十进制”。</li>
<li>键入新端口号，然后单击“确定” 。</li>
<li>关闭注册表编辑器，然后重新启动计算机。</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li><p><strong>方法二</strong></p>
<ol>
<li><p>可运行以下 PowerShell 命令(以管理员方式)来查看当前端口：</p>
<figure class="highlight powershell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">Get-ItemProperty</span> <span class="literal">-Path</span> <span class="string">'HKLM:\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server\WinStations\RDP-Tcp'</span> <span class="literal">-name</span> <span class="string">"PortNumber"</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>例如：</p>
<figure class="highlight powershell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">PortNumber : <span class="number">3389</span></span><br><span class="line">PSPath : Microsoft.PowerShell.Core\Registry::HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server\WinStations\RDP<span class="literal">-Tcp</span></span><br><span class="line">PSParentPath : Microsoft.PowerShell.Core\Registry::HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server\WinStations</span><br><span class="line">PSChildName : RDP<span class="literal">-Tcp</span></span><br><span class="line">PSDrive : HKLM</span><br><span class="line">PSProvider : Microsoft.PowerShell.Core\Registry</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>还可运行以下 PowerShell 命令来更改 RDP 端口。 在此命令中，我们会将新的 RDP 端口指定为 53389。</p>
<p>若要向注册表添加新的 RDP 端口：</p>
<figure class="highlight powershell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="variable">$portvalue</span> = <span class="number">53389</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">Set-ItemProperty</span> <span class="literal">-Path</span> <span class="string">'HKLM:\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server\WinStations\RDP-Tcp'</span> <span class="literal">-name</span> <span class="string">"PortNumber"</span> <span class="literal">-Value</span> <span class="variable">$portvalue</span> </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">New-NetFirewallRule</span> <span class="literal">-DisplayName</span> <span class="string">'RDPPORTLatest-TCP-In'</span> <span class="literal">-Profile</span> <span class="string">'Public'</span> <span class="literal">-Direction</span> Inbound <span class="literal">-Action</span> Allow <span class="literal">-Protocol</span> TCP <span class="literal">-LocalPort</span> <span class="variable">$portvalue</span> </span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">New-NetFirewallRule</span> <span class="literal">-DisplayName</span> <span class="string">'RDPPORTLatest-UDP-In'</span> <span class="literal">-Profile</span> <span class="string">'Public'</span> <span class="literal">-Direction</span> Inbound <span class="literal">-Action</span> Allow <span class="literal">-Protocol</span> UDP <span class="literal">-LocalPort</span> <span class="variable">$portvalue</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>重启电脑即可</p>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li><p><strong>方法三</strong></p>
<ol>
<li><p>打开远程<br>右键我的电脑——>属性——>启用远程</p>
</li>
<li><p>使用以下脚本一键修改<br>新建bat文件——>复制以下文——>粘贴——>保存——>以管理员方式运行——>按照提示输入自定义端口——>按提示等待完成即可</p>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">@<span class="built_in">echo</span> off</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">color f0</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">echo</span> 修改远程桌面3389端口(支持Windows 2003 2008 2008R2 2012 2012R2 7 8 10 )</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">echo</span> 自动添加防火墙规则</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">echo</span> %<span class="built_in">date</span>% %time%</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">echo</span> 建议设置为不常用端口</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">set</span> /p c= 请输入新的端口:</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">if</span> <span class="string">"%c%"</span>==<span class="string">""</span> goto end</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">goto edit</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">:edit</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">netsh advfirewall firewall add rule name=<span class="string">"Remote PortNumber"</span> <span class="built_in">dir</span>=<span class="keyword">in</span> action=allow protocol=TCP localport=<span class="string">"%c%"</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">netsh advfirewall firewall add rule name=<span class="string">"Remote PortNumber"</span> <span class="built_in">dir</span>=<span class="keyword">in</span> action=allow protocol=TCP localport=<span class="string">"%c%"</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">reg add <span class="string">"HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server\Wds\rdpwd\Tds\tcp"</span> /v <span class="string">"PortNumber"</span> /t REG_DWORD /d <span class="string">"%c%"</span> /f</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">reg add <span class="string">"HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server\WinStations\RDP-Tcp"</span> /v <span class="string">"PortNumber"</span> /t REG_DWORD /d <span class="string">"%c%"</span> /f</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">echo</span> 修改成功</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">echo</span> 重启后生效，按任意键重启</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">pause</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">shutdown /r /t 0</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">exit</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">:end</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">echo</span> 修改失败</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">pause</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
</ol>
</li>
<li><p><strong>注意</strong>：下次使用远程桌面连接连接到此计算机时，必须键入新端口。 如果正在使用防火墙，请确保将防火墙配置为允许连接到新端口号。</p>
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