ADMIN_TASKS.md · 做更强/ruts-lang-book

# Administrative Tasks

This documentation is for anyone managing the repo to remember how to do
occasional maintenance tasks.

## Update the `rustc` version

- Delete your `target` directory, you're about to recompile everything anyway
- Change the version number in `.github/workflows/main.yml`
- Change the version number in `rust-toolchain`, which should change the
  version you're using locally with `rustup`
- Change the version number in `src/title-page.md`
- Run `./tools/update-rustc.sh` (see its commented code for details on what it
  does)
- Inspect the changes (by looking at the files changed according to git) and
  their effects (by looking at the files in `tmp/book-before` and
	`tmp/book-after`) and commit them if they look good
- Grep for `manual-regeneration` and follow the instructions in those places to
  update output that cannot be generated by a script

## Update the `edition` in all listings

To update the `edition = "[year]"` metadata in all the listings' `Cargo.toml`s,
run the `./tools/update-editions.sh` script and commit the changes.

## Release a new version of the listings

We now make `.tar` files of complete projects containing every listing
available [as GitHub Releases](https://github.com/rust-lang/book/releases). To
create a new release artifact, for example if there have been code changes due
to edits or due to updating Rust and `rustfmt`, do the following:

- Create a git tag for the release and push it to GitHub, or create a new tag
  by going to the GitHub UI, [drafting a new
	release](https://github.com/rust-lang/book/releases/new), and entering a new
	tag instead of selecting an existing tag
- Run `cargo run --bin release_listings`, which will generate
  `tmp/listings.tar.gz`
- Upload `tmp/listings.tar.gz` in the GitHub UI for the draft release
- Publish the release

## Add a new listing

To facilitate the scripts that run `rustfmt` on all the listings, update the
output when the compiler is updated, and produce release artifacts containing
full projects for the listings, any listing beyond the most trivial should be
extracted into a file. To do that:

- Find where the new listing should go in the `listings` directory.
  - There is one subdirectory for each chapter
  - Numbered listings should use `listing-[chapter num]-[listing num]` for
	  their directory names.
  - Listings without a number should start with `no-listing-` followed by a
	  number that indicates its position in the chapter relative to the other
		listings without numbers in the chapter, then a short description that
		someone could read to find the code they're looking for.
  - Listings used only for displaying the output of the code (for example, when
	  we say "if we had written x instead of y, we would get this compiler
		error:" but we don't actually show code x) should be named with
		`output-only-` followed by a number that indicates its position in the
		chapter relative to the other listings used only for output, then a short
		description that authors or contributors could read to find the code
		they're looking for.
  - **Remember to adjust surrounding listing numbers as appropriate!**
- Create a full Cargo project in that directory, either by using `cargo new` or
  copying another listing as a starting point.
- Add the code and any surrounding code needed to create a full working example.
- If you only want to show part of the code in the file, use anchor comments
  (`// ANCHOR: some_tag` and `// ANCHOR_END: some_tag`) to mark the parts of
	the file you want to show.
- For Rust code, use the `{{#rustdoc_include [filename:some_tag]}}` directive
  within the code blocks in the text. The `rustdoc_include` directive gives the
	code that doesn't get displayed to `rustdoc` for `mdbook test` purposes.
- For anything else, use the `{{#include [filename:some_tag]}}` directive.
- If you want to display the output of a command in the text as well, create an
  `output.txt` file in the listing's directory as follows:
  - Run the command, like `cargo run` or `cargo test`, and copy all of the
	  output.
  - Create a new `output.txt` file with the first line `$ [the command you
	  ran]`.
  - Paste the output you just copied.
  - Run `./tools/update-rustc.sh`, which should perform some normalization on
	  the compiler output.
  - Include the output in the text with the `{{#include [filename]}}` directive.
  - Add and commit output.txt.
- If you want to display output but for some reason it can't be generated by a
  script (say, because of user input or external events like making a web
	request), keep the output inline but make a comment that contains
	`manual-regeneration` and instructions for manually updating the inline
	output.
- If you don't want this example to even be attempted to be formatted by
  `rustfmt` (for example because the example doesn't parse on purpose), add a
	`rustfmt-ignore` file in the listing's directory and the reason it's not
	being formatted as the contents of that file (in case it's a rustfmt bug that
	might get fixed someday).

## See the effect of some change on the rendered book

To check, say, updating `mdbook` or changing the way files get included:

- Generate a built book before the change you want to test by running `mdbook
  build -d tmp/book-before`
- Apply the changes you want to test and run `mdbook build -d tmp/book-after`
- Run `./tools/megadiff.sh`
- Files remaining in `tmp/book-before` and `tmp/book-after` have differences
  you can manually inspect with your favorite diff viewing mechanism

## Produce new markdown files for No Starch

- Run `./tools/nostarch.sh`
- Spot check the files that script created in the `nostarch` directory
- Check them into git if you're starting a round of edits

## Produce markdown from docx for diffing

- Save the docx file to `tmp/chapterXX.docx`.
- In Word, go to the review tab, choose "Accept all changes and stop tracking"
- Save the docx again and close Word
- Run `./tools/doc-to-md.sh`
- This should write `nostarch/chapterXX.md`. Adjust the XSL in
  `tools/doc-to-md.xsl` and run `./tools/doc-to-md.sh` again if needed.

## Generate Graphviz dot

We're using [Graphviz](http://graphviz.org/) for some of the diagrams in the
book. The source for those files live in the `dot` directory. To turn a `dot`
file, for example, `dot/trpl04-01.dot` into an `svg`, run:

```bash
$ dot dot/trpl04-01.dot -Tsvg > src/img/trpl04-01.svg
```

In the generated SVG, remove the width and the height attributes from the `svg`
element and set the `viewBox` attribute to `0.00 0.00 1000.00 1000.00` or other
values that don't cut off the image.

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