/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * struct TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode *left;
 *     TreeNode *right;
 *     TreeNode() : val(0), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
 *     TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
 *     TreeNode(int x, TreeNode *left, TreeNode *right) : val(x), left(left), right(right) {}
 * };
 */
class Solution {
public:
    int minDepth(TreeNode* root) {
        if (root == nullptr)
            return 0;

        if (root->left == nullptr && root->right == nullptr)
            return 1;

        int minHeight = 1e9;

        if (root->left != nullptr)
            minHeight = min(minDepth(root->left), minHeight);
        if (root->right != nullptr)
            minHeight = min(minDepth(root->right), minHeight);

        return minHeight + 1;
    }
};